A Study of Prospective Ophthalmology Residents’ Career Perceptions

Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in ophthalmology resident candidates and practicing ophthalmologists’ career perceptions. A secondary aim was to evaluate specific demographic factors (e.g., gender, ethnicity, career interests, etc.) among residency candidates regarding their career perceptions.

L'organisation en réseau comme forme « indéterminée »

Yvon Pesqueux

Au regard du thème du séminaire (univers virtuels et collaboration), deux entrées sont possibles : - celle de la collaboration qui met l'accent sur la tension « autonomie – hétéronomie », tension dans laquelle se trouve plongé l'agent organisationnel qui prend ainsi en compte des contraintes provenant de la technique et de l'exercice du pouvoir hiérarchique, - celle de l'organisation virtuelle comme « objet », entrée qui fera l'objet de ces développements ...

Legal Minimum Wages and the Wages of Formal and Informal Sector Workers in Costa Rica

T.H. Gindling, Katherine Terrell

The classic dual economy models of developing countries hold minimum wages (among other institutions) accountable for persistent dualism. They note that applying or enforcing minimum wage laws in only one sector of the economy will create wage differentials which will not be eroded with labor mobility to the high wage sector. In this paper we use 12 years of micro data on thousands workers living in Costa Rica to test whether legal minimum wages have a differential impact on the wages of workers...

Personal Experience: A Most Vicious and Limited Circle!? On the Role of Entrepreneurial Experience for Firm Survival

Georg Metzger

The analysis in this paper gives attention to effects on firm survival which come from entrepreneurial experience. It is likely that different kinds of experience result in different firm developments and therefore in different types of firm exit. Particular emphasis is placed upon the effects of failure experience. The results provide evidence that both the kind of experience and the type of exit matter. Negative experience, namely the experience of failure, is found to heighten the risk of fai...

KNOWLEDGE EVOLUTION

Cartesian definition of ‘idea’ rests on the notion of ‘simple nature’ (natura simplicissima; res simplex). Since the absolute form of reality is a myth, what we understand as ‘real’ is not at all the invariant core of the existence rather it is the ‘essence’ (ousia) of it. We will label it as ‘umbra’ that metaphorically means the shadow of the invariant existential core. Umbra is the object of our knowledge. It is not something which is prior and absolute to start with rather...

Detecting Multiple Breaks in Financial Market Volatility Dynamics

Elena Andreou, Eric Ghysels

The paper evaluates the performance of several recently proposed tests for structural breaks in conditional variance dynamics of asset returns. The tests apply to the class of ARCH and SV type processes as well as data-driven volatility estimators using high-frequency data. In addition to testing for the presence of breaks, the statistics identify the number and location of multiple breaks. We study the size and power of the new test for detecting breaks in the second conditional variance under ...