The Triangular Relationship between the Commission, NRAs and National Courts Revisited

Pierre Larouche, Maartje Larouche

In this article, the authors review the relationship between the Commission, the national regulatory authorities (NRAs) and national courts in light of the Commission's proposals for reform as laid out in the 2006 Review. They focus upon the Article 7 and Article 4 procedures of Directive 2002/21. They conclude that the Commission proposals leave key questions and their implications outside of discussion and fail to address core issues such as the standard of assessment under Article 7, the...

IMPROVING THE UNIVERSITY'S PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC POLICY EDUCATION

W.G. Stucky

Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Language discrimination by human newborns and by cotton-top tamarin monkeys

change is significant (p<0.05, chi-square test). This re- sult suggests that the tamarins discriminated Dutch from Japanese, irrespective of speaker variation. Surprisingly, such a pattern is not observed when the sentences are played backwards: only 5 out of 13 tamarins dishabituated to the backwards language change (p=0.87), and this pattern is not significantly different from the speaker change condition (p>0.2). These results parallel those obtained with newborns on the synthetic stimuli.

The Mathematical Components of Engineering

The first phases of the project were concerned with developing an overview of the design work of engineers, progressively focusing our investigations on the particular specialism of structural engineers.

Public infrastructure capital, scale economies and returns to variety

Antonis Rovolis, Nigel Spence

Abstract is not available.

On the Existence of the Moments of the Asymptotic Trace Statistic

Deniz Dilan Karaman Örsal, Bernd Droge

In this note we establish the existence of the first two moments of the asymptotic trace statistic, which appears as weak limit of the likelihood ratio statistic for testing the cointe- gration rank in a vector autoregressive model and whose moments may be used to develop panel cointegration tests. Moreover, we justify the common practice to approximate these moments by simulating a certain statistic, which converges weakly to the asymptotic trace statistic. To accomplish this we show that the m...