Table 2. Model I estimated GEE coefficients for corn field acreage allocation equations by field
structural practice (technology), and by conservation program participation.
[Model I: (Aj,p) = f(normalized input prices, technology class & installation variables)].
Equation/Variable______________________ |
Program Non-Participants_____ |
_______Program Participants_______ | ||
Estimate______ |
T-Tests b |
_____Estimate________ |
T-Tests | |
Model I | ||||
Constant |
2.8045 |
1.13 |
5.6368 *** |
1.71 |
Corn Field Acres Planted (with): EQ1: No structural practices: a | ||||
N price |
119.8528 * |
3.78 |
- 50.6681 |
- 0.78 |
Ag. Wage |
0.4036 |
1.41 |
- 2.3509 * |
- 3.88 |
Diesel price |
- 21.9501 * |
- 3.48 |
16.7863 |
1.43 |
EQ2: Only infield structures: a | ||||
N price |
- 66.1984 * |
- 2.48 |
2.9938 |
0.07 |
Ag. Wage |
0.1891 |
0.76 |
0.2749 |
0.61 |
Diesel price |
8.9845 ** |
1.88 |
- 4.7731 |
- 0.59 |
EQ3: Only perimeter-field structures: a | ||||
N price |
- 13.4583 |
- 0.93 |
29.6982 |
0.91 |
Ag. Wage |
- 0.3608 * |
- 3.83 |
1.1760 * |
4.73 |
Diesel price |
5.8741 ** |
1.96 |
- 13.4898 * |
- 2.27 |
EQ4: Both structural practices: a | ||||
N price |
- 4.4147 |
- 0.82 |
- 24.6257 |
- 1.25 |
Ag. Wage |
0.1283 |
0.95 |
0.1979 |
0.52 |
Diesel price |
2.2566 |
1.17 |
0.1968 |
0.04 |
Technology class variables: |
Units_______________ |
Estimate |
T-tests_________ | |
Only Infield structures |
(Yes = 1) |
- 1.2985 |
- 0.36 | |
Only perimeter-field structures |
(Yes = 1) |
- 4.3706 |
- 1.31 | |
Both structures |
(Yes = 1) |
- 4.7776 *** |
- 1.56 | |
Installation dummy variables: | ||||
Installed in 2005 |
(Yes = 1) |
- 0.0131 |
- 0.18 | |
Installed within last 10 years |
(Yes = 1) |
0.0128 |
0.31 | |
Installed prior to 1990 |
(Yes = 1) |
- 0.0106 |
- 0.04 | |
Log Likelihood Value (L1) = - 2906.1413 |
R2 = 0.09 |
Corn field observations (weighted) with: | ||
# of corn farms surveyed c = 380 [for 39 million planted corn acres] |
only infield |
conservation structures = 25.9 % | ||
Conservation program participants = 15 % |
only perimeter conservation structures |
= 9.0 % | ||
Conservation program non-participants = 85 % |
both infield |
and perimeter structures = |
4.1 % |
a State average per unit prices (2005) for nitrogen ($/lb.), agricultural wage ($/hr.), and diesel ($/gal.) were normalized using
State average 2005 corn price ($/bu.).
b Critical values for the t tests are 1.52 (***), 1.76 (**), and 2.14 (*) for the 15 %, 10 %, and 5 % significance levels, respectively.
Standard errors were computed using the delete-a-group Jackknife approach (Dubman, 2000).
c Surveyed States for the 2005 Ceap-Arms for corn included IN, IA, IL, and NE.
Note: Infield conservation structural practices included terraces, grassed waterways, vegetative buffers, contour buffers, filter
strips, and grade stabilization structures. Perimeter-field conservation structural practices included hedgerow plantings,
stream-side forest buffers, stream-side herbaceous buffers, windbreaks or herbaceous wind barriers, field borders, and
critical area plantings.
Source: 2005 CEAP-ARMS Phase II data (for corn), Economic Research Service, USDA.
28
More intriguing information
1. The name is absent2. THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURE
3. Food Prices and Overweight Patterns in Italy
4. Improving Business Cycle Forecasts’ Accuracy - What Can We Learn from Past Errors?
5. The name is absent
6. Stillbirth in a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital in North Bengal - A Review of Causes, Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies
7. Direct observations of the kinetics of migrating T-cells suggest active retention by endothelial cells with continual bidirectional migration
8. The name is absent
9. Strengthening civil society from the outside? Donor driven consultation and participation processes in Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRSP): the Bolivian case
10. Legal Minimum Wages and the Wages of Formal and Informal Sector Workers in Costa Rica