Deprivation Analysis in Declining Inner City Residential Areas: A Case Study From Izmir, Turkey.

another place in spite of the all-negative conditions. One reason is that they could get their own home and
this is the most vital achievement as they survive with the low level income. While some of them explain the
reason as their embarrassment to move another place, a few resident, who are especially old residents of the
district, could not move because of the spiritual allegiance to their dwellings.

Table 25: The Opinions of the Tuzcu Residents on Adequacy of Local Facilities

On the other hand, a higher percentage, 53.8 percent of the households desire to move from the district in
order to live in better conditions. However, all of them are hopeless in this regard, at least in a short term,
because of the economic conditions again. They have no chance to choice their living conditions or places
while the wealthy have. Therefore, segregation of poor and wealthy increases due to the difference in their
movement ability, and the deprivation is reproduced at the district.

Social Deprivation

Deprivation is a multidimensional concept, concerned not only with material goods but also with the
ability to participate social life. Social deprivation refers to the inability of an individual to participate in the
normal social life of their community. For instance, social deprivation measures include participation to
working life, integration to social relations, and participation to social institution, ability for recreational
activities, utilization from health services, and finally utilization from education services.

As Townsend (1987:130; cited in Bailey et al. 2003:8) suggests, “poverty as lack of financial resources
relative to needs measured by low income leads to deprivation as lack of necessities both material and
social”. So, employment and work domain that seeks to measure the deprivation resulting from the both
occupational status, income levels and the general satisfaction on employment is very critical for the whole
deprivation measurement. Therefore, it is important to begin with the occupational status of the research
population to grasp their social deprivation levels.

The occupational status of the research population is examined in three main sections both for men and
women, economically inactive, economically active, and unemployed population. Economically inactive
population includes the 0-14 age groups who are at the period of preschool and primary school, students
above 15 age, and finally the age groups above the 61 who have no retired. It is striking that 35.7 percent of
the whole research population is at the economically inactive status. On the other hand, 83 percent of the
economically inactive groups consist of preschool, primary school or students above 15 age. It means
majority of the population within this group economically inactive due to the fact that they are either student
or in preschool age.

Economically active section includes the working, both men and women groups, and the retired ones
who have regular incomes. This group constitutes 25.7 percent of the whole research population. The
dependency ratio is 3.88, in other words, each working individual have to support 3.88 individual. Another
striking point is the ratio of working women. According to the findings, women count only 7.9 percent of the
economically active population. The reason of this low ratio can be explained by the fact that most of the

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