ADJUSTMENT TO GLOBALISATION: A STUDY OF THE FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY IN EUROPE

Figure 2 illustrates import penetration as well as the export intensity ratio for each of the
main EU producing countries, Italy, Germany, France and the UK, along with Spain and
Portugal whose shares of European production have increased since the 1980s. The
Italian, UK, German and French markets have been increasingly penetrated by imports
since the mid-70s whilst in Spain and Portugal import penetration increased
considerably only after 1986.

Figure 2 Import Penetration and Export Intensity in the European Footwear Industry

Germany

Spain

Portugal

Import Penetration Ratio

Export Intensity Ratio

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