The Logic of Collective Action identifies these universal problems in small and large groups, as
well as specific solutions to these problems.
The second step in finding ways to build bridging social capital is to recognize that there
are many paths that will fit into one of the three strategies for solving the public goods problem,
coercion, selective incentives and federated groups. How a particular group's culture, history and
current social organization fits into one of these solutions is, as we have argued, an empirical
question that can best be addressed by asking questions of group members with sample surveys.
Endnotes
1 Michael Woolcock, "Social Capital and Economic Development: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis and Policy
Framework," Theory and Society 27 (1998):151-208.
2 Mancur Olson, Jr. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (Cambridge, Mass.:
Harvard University Press, 1971).
3 John Kenneth Galbraith, American Capitalism: The Concept of Countervailing Power (Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
1956); Olson, The Logic of Collective Action, pp. 76-91.
4 Seymour M. Lipset, Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics (Garden City, New York: Doubleday Anchor
Books, 1960), pp. 230-300; Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (3rd edition) (New York:
Harper, 1950).
5 Gary S. Becker, A Treatise on the Family (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981).
6 Joseph E. Stiglitz, Globalization and Its Discontents (New York: W. W. Norton, 2002).
7 James S. Coleman, "Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital," American Journal of Sociology 94 (1988):
S95-120; Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man. (New York: Free Press, 1992); Robert D.
Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000).
8 Edward C. Banfield, The Moral Basis of a Backward Society (New York: The Free Press, 1958).
9 Thomas L.Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree (New York: Anchor Books, 2000).
10 Bernard R. Barber, Jihad versus McWorld (New York: Times Books, 1995).
11 Boyer, Paul, Native American Colleges: Progress and Prospect (Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie
Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1997); Szasz, Margaret C., Education and the American Indian:
The Road to Self-Determination Since 1928 (Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1974).
12 Emile Durkheim, The Division of Labor in Society (2nd edition). Translated by George Simpson (New York: The
Free Press, 1933).
13 Schumpter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy.
14 J. L. Roach and O. R. Gursslin, "An Evaluation of the Concept 'Culture of Poverty'," Social Forces 45 (1967):383-
292.
15 Hernando deSoto, The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else
(New York: Basic Books, 2000).
16 David J. O'Brien, Valeri V. Patsiorkovski and Larry D. Dershem, Household Capital and the Agrarian Problem in
Russia (Aldershot, U. K.: Ashgate, 2000); David J. O'Brien and Stephen K. Wegren, "Where Do We Go from Here?
Building Sustainable Rural Communities," pp. 403-416 in David J. O'Brien and Stephen K. Wegren (editors), Rural
Reform in Post-Soviet Russia (Washington D. C. and Baltimore: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Johns Hopkins
University Press, 2002).
17 See Mary C. Brinton and Victor Nee, The New Institutionalism in Sociology (New York: Russell Sage
Foundation, 1998) and Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991) for sociological and economic examples, respectively, of the New
Institutionalism.
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