urban regeneration in deprived european neighbourhoods 419
urban regeneration. But the degree of freedom of action of such agencies is
determined to a great extent not just by the local economic context, but also
the socio-cultural context, and in particular, the relative strength or weakness
of civil society. What we are witnessing at the neighbourhood level across
Europe is a greater fluidity of urban policies, and the creation of a field of
experimentation through which agencies and actors can discover what can
succeed and what fails. This trans-national learning - a rare opportunity to
share knowledge across borders - was a key element of the ENTRUST project.
As Kaspov has stated “Cites are once again laboratories of how citizenship, in
terms of membership, social inclusion and participation, is going to be
constructed in the future,” (Kaspov, 2005, p. 33).
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