(Mann-Whitney: Z=3.3, p<.005) during the immediate post test. The same pattern was found
for the 5 year-olds during the immediate (Mann-Whitney: Z=4.4, p<0000; Z=4.4, p<.0000;
Z=4.2, p<.0000) and the delayed post test (Mann-Whitney: Z=2.6, p<.05; Z=2.6, p<.05;
Z=2.6, p<05) as well as for the 6 year-olds during the immediate (Mann-Whitney: Z=5.04,
p<.0000; Z=5.04, p<.0000; Z=5.1, p<.0000) and the delayed post test: (Mann-Whitney:
Z=3.1, p<.005 Z=3.3, p<.005; Z=3.3, p<.005).
To what extent does children ,s success in the contrast task change between the immediate
and delayed post test ?
Children in the immediate post test provided 39.1% correct responses, while in the delayed
post test they provided 18.2% correct responses. Statistical comparison between the two post
tests revealed that they performed significantly better during the immediate than the delayed
post test. Comparison of children’s performance between the two post tests within each age
group revealed the same pattern for the 4 year-olds (Wilcoxon: Z=2.9, p<.005) and the 5
year-olds (Wilcoxon: Z=2.6, p<.05). The same pattern was found for the 6 year-olds,
however, the differences were not significant. Comparison of children’s performance
between the two post tests within each linguistic condition revealed the same pattern.
Significant differences were found for the Contrast condition (Wilcoxon: Z= 4.3, p<.0000).
No significant differences were found for the other conditions.
To what extent does children ,s performance on the contrast task differ by their existing
vocabulary?
Children’s performance on the contrast task did not differ by their existing vocabulary. The
same pattern was found within each age group) and linguistic condition (see Table in the
Appendix 5.9.
To what extent does children ,s performance on the contrast task differ by their phonological
memory?
Children’s performance on the contrast task did not differ significantly by their phonological
memory (see Table in Appendix 5.10). The same pattern was found within each age group
and linguistic condition except for the Contrast condition. Children with high phonological
memory from the Contrast condition performed significantly better than children with low
156
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