New urban settlements in Belarus: some trends and changes



According to the location in urban settlement network the military towns are divided into:

- co-dependent urban settlements within the borders of set cities (Borisov, Baranovitchi,
Lida, Slonim);

- separate urban settlements located near cities or on the base of small towns (Ross, Maryina
Gorka, Bereza, Chist).

By function military towns are divided into:

- Residential settlements -- so called "bedrooms" with residential functions only (e.g. Lida);

- Residential and industrial settlements that includes as residential districts as well some
industrial objects (e.g. Ross, Chist).

Furthermore towns, which were built in Belarus as a result of mentioned program
implementation, differ by their architectural organisation and technical structure and by plan.
The following examples can be considered.

Slonim Town was built by principle of sheeted terrace building with well-expressed public
centre's architecture with maximal use of existing landscape and monolith housing methods.

Residential district of Lida located on the small hill in the bottom of Lida-river is semi-insular
different-storied formation (from 3 till 12 stories). It is an example of prefabricated individual
housing and public building construction, where mixed constructional schemes are used.

As mentioned above Chist Town has as residential formation as well modern high-tech industrial
complex that includes five plants of the construction industry that meet international standards.
Products of built plants (on roofing-tile production, produce from silicate concrete, dry mixtures
for construction, joinery and lime) gives a possibility to use materials, including joinery, and all
constructions for building beginning from foundation till the roof in housing accounting all
modern standards.

Ross Town

This urban settlement is distinguished by singularity of architectural and planning approaches
and by quality of construction20.

Design and development of Ross Town was implemented by Byelorussian architects, developers
and builders. Project organisations from Minsk, and Grodno such as "Minskgrazhdanproject",
"Grodnograzhdanproject" and building company "Grodnozhilstroy" were the main actors in
building process. Total number of organisations taken part in the project implementation
included 25 contractors from Minsk, Brest, Gomel, Grodno, Volkovysk, Baranovitchi as well as
builders from Finland, Lithuania and Poland.

Planning of urban environment of this town was based on historically established traditions of
small Byelorussian towns' organisation, interpreted to modern conditions. Progressive urban and
architectural ideas for humane, comfortable and aesthetic urban environment were successfully
realised here.

The whole composition of buildings was created on contrast of line structure of public centre and
residential quarters. The public centre joint with residential area and pedestrian connections in
the space opens the general panorama. The school and kindergarten that are located on the
central axis develops the central composition. There is central pedestrian way passing through
the trade lanes, square-forum, school yard, sport zone, pedestrian alleys opened to the yards of
residential areas along the perimeter of the public centre.



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