guaranty, in the rich principality which he held.
The Mogul, the head of the Mussulman religion in India, and of the Indian empire, a head
honored and esteemed even in its ruins, he procured to be recognized by all the persons that
were connected with his empire. The rents that ought to be paid to the Vizier of the Empire
he gave to the Vizierate. Thus our alliances were cemented, our enemies were reconciled,
all Asia was conciliated by our settlement with the king. To that unhappy fugitive king,
driven from place to place, the sport of fortune, now an emperor and now a prisoner, prayed
for in every mosque in which his authority was conspired against, one day opposed by the
coin struck in his name and the other day sold for it,—to this descendant of Tamerlane he
allotted, with a decent share of royal dignity, an honorable fixed residence, where he might
be useful and could not be dangerous.
As to the Bengal provinces, he did not take for the Company the viceroyalty, as Mr.
Holwell would have persuaded, almost forced, the Company to do; but, to satisfy the
prejudices of the Mahomedans, the country was left in the hands nominally of the Subah, or
viceroy, who was to administer the criminal justice and the exterior forms of royalty. He
obtained from the sovereign the dewanny. This is the great act of the constitutional entrance
of the Company into the body politic of India. It gave to the settlement of Bengal a fixed
constitutional form, with a legal title, acknowledged and recognized now for the first time
by all the natural powers of the country, because it arose from the charter of the undoubted
sovereign. The dewanny, or high-stewardship, gave to the Company the collection and
management of the revenue; and in this modest and civil character they appeared, not the
oppressors, but the protectors of the people. This scheme had all the real power, without
any invidious appearance of it; it gave them the revenue, without the parade of sovereignty.
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