376
INDEX.
Nicomedes of Bithynia, leaves his
kingdom to the Romans, hi. 1
Niger, Pescennius, a commander under
M. Aurelius, iii. 257 ; proclaimed by
the legions in the East, 261; defeat-
ed by Scptimius Severus, near Issus,
263
Nobilissimtis, title of, first applied in
inscriptions to Geta, iii. 265; in the
Byzantine writers synonymous with
Caesar, 265 n.
Nobility the, Roman law preventing
them from acquiring wealth by com-
merce, ii. 98
Nubia, conquered by Trajan, iii. 227
Numantia5Siege and famine of, ii. 269;
destroyed by Scipio Africanus, il>.
Numantines, their confidence in Grac-
chus, ii. 26 7; extirpated, 269
Numbers, mixture of indefiniteness
and apparent definiteness in, xlii.
Numerianus, son of Carus, character
of, iii. 305
Numerical combinations, artificial, an
evidence of falsification of chrono-
logy, xvi.; remarkable instance of
tlιis in the early history of Rome, il>.
Numidia, state of, after Jugurtha⅛
death, iii. 3
Numidians, civilisation of the, ii. 315
Nursia, political peculiarity of this
district, ii. 399
Nursina duritia of Sertorius and
Vespasian, ii. 206
Octavianus, C. Julius Cæsar, his re-
lationship to Julius Cæsar, iii. 86 ;
hie change of name on his adoption
by Cæsar’s will, 88 ; declared consul
with Q. Pedins, 94; consents to the
proscription of Cicero, 95; his cow-
ardice, IOl ; cruelty, 102 ; sole master
of the Roman world, 118 (See Au-
gustus)
Octavius, Cn., consul with Cinna, ii.
370; opposes Ciima, 371; put to
death by him, 375
---------M., deprived of his tribune-
ship to prevent his exercising the
veto, ii. 287
Odenathus leads the people of Palmyra
against Sapor, whom he defeats, iii
295; succeeded in the government
by his widow Zenobia5 296
Odoacer5 Romulus last of the Roman
emperors surrenders to, iii. 357
Olybrius proclaimed emperor by
Ricimer's influence, iii. 355
Opimius, L., destroys Fregellac, ii. 296 ;
elected consul, 309 ; his hostility to
C. Gracclms, ib. ; puts to death more
than 3000 persons during his con-
sulship, 311 ; his death, 322
Oratory, its disappearance from Greece,
ii. 162
Origines, Cato’s, xxxv.
Orosius, his distortions and sophistries,
Ixxiii.
Osca, now Huesca, academy formed
by Sertorius at, for young Spanish
nobles, whom he considers as hos-
tages, ii. 402 ; and afterwards sells
as slaves, 404
Osroene changed into a Roman pro-
vince, iii. 270
Ostia, port of, improved by Trajan,
iii. 229
Ostrogotlis and Visigoths essentially
different nations, iii. 333
Otho, M. Salvius, his character, iii. 201 ;
proclaimed emperor, 202; suicide
of, 203
Ovid5 his life, and character of his
poetry, iii. 144
Pacuvius, character of his plays, ii. 206 ;
his rank among the poets, 394
Palimpsest manuscripts, Ixviii.
Palmyra, its growth as a commercial
city, iii. 295 ; destroyed by Aurelian,
who massacres the inhabitants, 301
Pannonians, civilisation of the, iii. 161
Panormus5 communication between
Messana and, not practicable by
land, ii. 19
Pansa cautions Cæsar as to his per-
sonal safety, iii. 82
Pantheon built by Agrippa, iii. 149
Panvinius, his great merit in investi-
gating Roman antiquities, Ixxxiii
Pajiinian murdered by Caracalla5 iii.
274; character of the works of
Ulpian and, 289
Parthia, its division into feudal prin-
cipalities, iii. Ill
Parthian empire, foundation of the
great, ii. 229; fall of, accounted for,
iii. 275
Parthians, under Tiridates, conquer-
ed by Corbulo, iii. 197; conquered
by Trajan, 226; attack the Roman
dominions and cut off Sevcrianus
Withhis legions, 250; defeated, ih. ;
attacked by Severus, who takes
Ctesiphon, 265; Caracalla attacks
them, 270
Patavinitas of Livy5 remarks on the
alleged, Ixiv
Patrician families, extinction of, ii-197
Paulinus, Suetonius, defeats Boadicea5
iii. 197
Pauperism and wealth at Rome, both
enormous, ii. 300
Pausanias, character of his writings,
iii. 243
Pay of the soldiers doubled by Caesar
INDEX.
and trebled by Auguftus, iii. 130;
increased by Domitian, 217
peasant war in Germany compared to
the Koman servile war, ii. 407
Γedia, lex, iii. 94
Pedins, Q., colleague with Octavian in
the consulship, passes the lex 1 ttduι
against Caesar’s murderers, iii,
94
Pedo AIbinovanus, poetry of, iɪɪ. 146
PcIla razed to the ground after the
defeat of Andriscus, ii. 250
Peregrinitas put an end to by Cara-
calla, iii. 269
Percnnis, praefect under Coinmodus,
murdered by the populace, iii. 258
Fcrgamus bequeathed to the Romans
by ʌttalus, ii. 271 ; claimed by
Aristonicus, tb.∙, who is conquered
by the Romans, 272
Pcrizonius, masterly historical inves-
tigations ofj iv, ; a truly historical
genius, Ixxxvi.
Pciperiia, M., conquers Aristonicus the
pretender of Pergamus, ii. 232
----M., murders Scrtorius, ii. 405 ;
conquered and put to death by
Pompey, ib.
Persecution of Christianity carried on
by Diocletian, iii. 311 ; by Galcrius,
312
Perseus, king of Macedonia, his cha-
racter, ii. 213; grammatical declen-
sion of his name, ib. n. ; accused of
murdering his brother Demetrius,ib.;
marries the daughter of Antiochus
Epiphancs, 214; cause of his war
with the Romans, 216; his con-
temptible conduct towards Gentliius,
220; totally defeated at Pydna by
L. Acinilius Paullus, 221; flees to
Samothrace, hoping to save his trea-
sures, surrenders to the Romans, 222
Persians, seven great families of the,
ii. 363; feudal Vassalsof the Par-
thian monarchy, iii. 275 ; under
Ardshir or Artaxcrxes throw off the
Parthian yoke, 276; restoration of
tiιc Persian empire, ib.; defeated by
Gordian, iii. 284; under Sapor take
Valerian prisoner and (it is said)
flay him alive, 294; their cruelties,
and defeat by Odcnathus prince of
Palmyra, 295
Pcrtinax, Helvius, proclaimed emperor,
iɪi. 259; Iiischaracter, ib.; murdered,
260
Perusia, siege of, by Octavian, one of
the most frightful in history, iii.107 ;
300 citizens of, sacrificed at the altar
of Divus Julius, ib.
Pesccnnius Niger proclaimed emperor,
iιi. 261 ; defeated, 263
377
Peter the Apostle, his chains pre-
served, iii. 118
Petreius, M., defeats the army of Cati-
line, iii. 24
■--Pompey’s general, defeated
by Caesar, he and Juba kill each
other, iii. 69
Petronius, discussion as to the time
when he wrote, iii. 289 ; the greatest
poet after the time OfAugustus, 290
--Maximus proclaimed em-
peror, iii. 353
Phalanx, Macedonian, its operations
described, ii. 169; one foɪɪned by
Caraealla, iii. 270
Pharnaces, son of Mithridatcs, mutinies
against him, iii. 10; makes peace
with Pompey, 11 ; defeats Domitius
Calvinus, is defeated by Caesar, 66
Pharsalus, date of the battle of, iii. 63
Phenomena in nature during the second
Punic war, ii. 103
Philemon the Poet, death of, ii. 58
Philip, father of Alexander the Great,
invaded Asia, ii. 185
------III., of Macedonia, makes a
treaty with Hannibal after the battle
of Cannae, iɪ. 153; character ofj 155;
makes peace with the Romans, 157 ;
forms an alliance with Antiochus
the Great against Ptolemy Epipha-
nes, 158 ; their conquests, 159 ;
ravages Attica, ib. ; defeated by
EIamininus IiearArgyrocastro, 165;
again defeated at Cynoscephalac, il>. ;
humiliating terms of peace imposed
on, 170; joins the Romans against
Antiochus and the Actolians, 181;
poisons his son Demetrius, 212; his
death, 213
Philippi, war of, iii. 99 ; first battle of,
100; second battle of, 102; results
of the war, 103
Philippus, M. Julius, the emperor, a
native of Bostra in Arabia, not a
Bedouin, iii 284; murders Gordian
III., ib.; celebrates the festival of
the thousandth year of Rome, 285;
the first Christian emperor, ib.; let-
ters of Origen to, ib. ; tradition of his
doing penance for the murder of his
predecessor, ib. ; slain in battle, 286
--Q. Martius, with his army,
crosses Mount Olympus, ii. 218 ; and
causes the Macedonians to evacuate
Tempe, 219
—---L. Marcius, opposes Drusus
in his reforms, ii. 351
Philology,Gennan,charactcrof,lxxxiχ
Philopoemen called the last of the
Greeks, ii. 251
Phraates returns the standaids taken
by the Parthians, iii. 167