settled by the custom of the county or tlɪe manor ; and it is probable
that one measure prevailed for all tenants of similar grades. A record
of descents was necessary to regulate the claims of a lord to the fami-
lies of his colo>ιi, and some extensive system of registration very pro-
bably prevailed : it would be impossible without it to secure the due
operation of the law of team.

“ Dudda was a gebιir at IIalSfeld, and he had three daughters, one
was named Deorwyn, the second DeorswyS, the third Golde. And
Wulflaf at Hdibfeld hath Deorwyn to wife, Ælfstânat TteccingawyrS
hath DeorswyS to wife, and Ealhstan, Ælfstân’s brother, hath Golde to
wife. There was a man named IIwita, the beemaster at IIieSfeld, and
he had a daughter Tate, the mother of Wulfsige, the bowman ; and
Wulfsige’s sister Lulle hath Iléhstiin to wife, at Wealden. λVifιis and
Dunne, and Seoloce are inborn to HæSfeld. Duding, the son of Wifiis,
is settled at Wealden ; and Ceolmund the son of Dunne, also sits at
Wealden, and /ESelheali the son of Seoloce, also sits at Wealden : and
Tâte, Cénwold’s sister, Mæg has to wife at Welgun ; and Eadhelm, the
son of IIereSryS, hath Tate’s daughter to wife. Wterliif, Wærstân’s
father, was a right serf at HieSfeld, he held the grey swine^l.”

"∙J∙ A man named Brada was a gebιir at llæðfeld, and IIwitewas
the name of Brâda’s wife ; she was a gebιir^,s daughter at HieSfeld.
Hwite was Wærstân’s WærSryS’s and Wynbur[ι's third mother². And
Wærstân sits at Wadtiin, and hath Wine’s sister to wife, and Wine hath
WærSryS to wife, And Dunne sat at Wadtιin, she was inborn to IIidS-
feld : and Deorwyn her daughter hath Cynewald to wife at Munden : and
DeornaS her brother is with Cynewald. And Dudde, Wifiiss daughter
sits at Wilmundesleii. Cynhelm, Cenwald's father, was a gebιirat HtnS-
feld, and Manna, Cdnwald’s son, sits at Wiidtiin under Eâdwald.”

“ ∙J∙ Bulie, Dryhthifs mother-in-law, was renɪoied win HieSfeld
into Eslingaden : and ÆSelwyn, Eiidugu and ÆSelgyS were three
sisters; and Tilwine and Dudda, these were all Buge’s children; and
Ealhstan Tilwiue’s son, and Wulfsige Eιidugu^,s son, and Ceolhelm
ÆSelgyS’s son, and Ceolstiin and Manwine. This kin came from
[HteSJfeld ; Deorwulf, Cyneburh's son, and his two sisters ; and Cy-
nerfc at Clæfring is their uncle. These men are the mayas of Tata,
the gebιir at HæSfeld.” Cod. Dipl. No. 1353.

It is probable that all these places are in Hertfordshire, or in Essex.
In both oounties we find Hatfield and Walden : there is no Clavering
in Hertfordshire, that I know of. On the other hand I am not aware
of any Munden or Watton in Essex.

¹ He was the æhteswan or poτcarius dummicalis. I cannot explain
the distinction intended by Sa grægan swin, literally the yrey swine.

^a Perhaps great-grandmother.

In 880 Æftelred, duke of Mercia, gave Variousestates to the bishopric
of Worcester. He also gave six persons with their offspring, who had
previously been adscripti glebæ at the royal vill of Bensington. “These
are the names of the persons who are written from Bensington to
Readanora, to the bishopric of Worcester, with their offspring, and the
progeny that may come of them to all eternity : Alhmund, Tfdwulf,
Tfdlefih, Lull and Eadwulf¹."

In 902, Beornwulf homed (gehamette), that is attached, to his manor
of Eblesburne, a number of persons, of both sexes. Lufe and her
three children, Luha and his six children are named².

In the time of Eadgar we have the record of several persons esta-
blishing by their oaths that their parents had not been serfs or coUmi of
the king³. An Appendix to this chapter contains numerous examples
of manumissions, of various periods.

> Cod. Bipl. No. 311.     ² Ibid. No. 1079.     » Ibid. No. 981.

Q2

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