360
THE SAXONS IN ENGLAND.
[book i.
whole relation is proved by the fact of the “ famous
sailor on the sea,” the “wandering wolf” being
represented as the friend of Nebrond, probably
Nimrod1.
One of the names by which Dunor is known in
Germany is Hamar2, which was perhaps originally
derived from his weapon. This has become almost
synonymous with demi. Perhaps the same allusion
lurks in one or two names of places in England :
in the immediate neighbourhood of Thursley in
Surrey, and at a short distance from Thunderhill,
are some ponds known by the name of the Hammer-
ponds. It is remarkable that within two or three
miles of Thursley and the Hammer-ponds, three
singular natural mounds which form most conspi-
cuous objects upon a very wild and desert heath,
should bear the name of the Devil’s Jumps, while
at a short distance a deep valley is known by that
of the Devil’s Punchbowd, probably at some early
period, the Devil’s Cup, Dunres-Cup or the Hamar-
cup. The word Hamarden occurs in the bounda-
ries of charters3 ; and other places recall the same
name : thus Hameringham in Lincoln, IIamerton in
Huntingdon, IIomerton in Middlesex (hardly Ham-
mersmith in Middlesex), Hamerton Green in York-
shire, Hamerton Kirk in Yorkshire, Hammerwick in
Staffordshire.
3. TIW, the Old-norse TYR, and Old-german
ZIU.—The third day of the week bears among us
1 Sal. Sat. p. 15G. 2 Deut. Myth. p. 1GG.
3 Cod. Dipl. Nos. 909, 1039, 1189.
c≡. x∏∙]
HEATHENDOM. TIW.
3δl
the name of the god Tiw, the Old-norse Tyr. In
like manner we find him also giving his name to
places. In the neighbourhood so often referred to
in this chapter, and which seems to have been a
very pantheon of paganism1, not far from Thursley
or from Wanborough, we find Tewesley, which I
have no scruple to pronounce the ancient Tiwes-
leah. Tisleah 2 seems to denote the same name, and
it is probable that even a race acknowledged this
god as its founder,—the Tiwingas, who gave their
name to Tewing in Herts. Tiwes mère3 seems to
be the mere or lake of Tiw, and in another charter
we have also Teowes porn4, which goes far towards
substantiating the German form Ziu.
The Anglosaxon glossaries are perfectly accurate
when they give the rendering Mars for Tiw5, and
Tïwesdæg is rightly dies Martis. It cannot be
doubted that our forefathers worshiped this god,
as a supreme giver of victory, and especially a god
of battle, in some parts of Scandinavia and Ger-
many ; whether or not in England appears doubtful.
In the mythology of the North he is the bravest of
the gods, the one who did not scruple to place his
In a circuit of a few miles (taken from Elstead with a radius per-
haps of not more than four) we have Wanborough, Polstead, Thursley,
the Hammer-ponds, Waverley, Tewesley, Thunderhill, Dragonhill,
Wonersh, the Devil’s Jumps, the Devil’s Punchbowl, Wishanger, Esh-
1∏g, Loseley (Loces Ieah ?), Ciodalming (Godhelmingham), and—as I
believe, in close connexion with these—Gyldhill,Guildford, Guilddown,
-Frensham (Fremesham), Tilford, Tilhill, Markwick, Ash, and Unstead.
a Cod. Dipl. No. 739. 3 Ibid. No. 2C2. i Ibid. No. 174.
5 Mones Epinal Glosses gives Tiig, Mars, No. 620, and Lye does
the same without a reference, but no doubt from some MS. glossary,
■the foɪm is in the same relation to Tivv as Higan to Hiwan, or gesegen
(wsι∣ι,) to gesewen ; hut the long vowel is assιued by the double i.