APPLYING BIOSOLIDS: ISSUES FOR VIRGINIA AGRICULTURE



REFERENCES

Evanylo, Gregory K. Land Application of Biosolids For Agricultural Purposes in Virginia. Virginia
Tech. VCE Pub. 452-300. 1999

_____. Personal conversations. November, 2000.

Evanylo, Gregory K. and Ross, Blake B. “York River Tributary Strategies Biosolids Project - Runoff of
Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Heavy Metals, Sediment and Bacteria from Surface-applied and Incorporated
Biosolids and Fertilizer.” Dept. Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences and Dept. Biological Systems
Engineering, respectively, Virginia Tech, August, 1997.

McMahon, D. Steven. “Nutrient Values for Biosolids in Virginia,” Wheelabrator Water Technologies
Inc. - Bio Gro, Technical Services Administrator. Personal conversations. February, 1996.

Telephone interviews: Robert Talmadge, Plant Manager, Wastewater Treatment Plant, Chesterfield
County, Department of Public Utilities; Thomas C. Pully, Process Engineer, Department of Public
Utilities, Henrico County; David Van Gelder, Senior Utility Engineer, City of Richmond, Department
of Public Utilities, Division of Wastewater Treatment; Charles P. Boepple, Director Technical Services
Division, Upper Occoquan Sewage Authority, Centreville, Virginia; Charles W. Swanson, P.E., Virginia
Department of Health, Office of Water Programs, Division of Wastewater Engineering.

Page, Albert L., et al. Use of Reclaimed Water and Sludge in Food Crop Production. Committee on
the Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater Effluents and Sludge in the Production of Crops for
Human Consumption, Water Science and Technology Board, and Commission on Geosciences,
Environment, and Resources, National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy
Press, 1996. At
http://books.nap.edu/nap-cgi/newsrch.cgi?term=sewage+sludge. Accessed
March 30, 2000.

Schiffman, Susan. Duke University Medical School. Personal communication. October 2000.

USDA. Soil Survey of Hanover County, Virginia. Soil Conservation Service in cooperation with
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. March, 1980.

USDA. Soil Survey of Louisa County, Virginia. Soil Conservation Service in cooperation with Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University. March, 1980.

US EPA. “Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge.” Code of Federal Regulations Title 40,
Parts 257, 403, and 503, February, 1993.

Tenenbaum, David. “The Beauty of Biosolids” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 105, No. 1:
January, 1997. pp. 32-36.

Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations , Part 503.

Virginia Department of Health, Office of Water Programs, The Biosolids Use Regulations, Section 12: 5-
585, 32.1-164.5, Code of Virginia.

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