MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON VIRGINIA DAIRY FARMS



Table 7: Farm ownership. And personal characteristics of farmers

All farms

Confinement

Moderate Grazer

Intensive Grazer

---------------------

.--%--------------------

Ownership

-

Sole proprietor

56

52

60

55

Partnership

27

26

27

32

Corporation

17

22

13

12

Age

< 30 years

6

4

8

5

31-40 years

20

24

14

23

41-50 years

33

36

31

27

51-60 years

21

18

23

25

> 60 years

21

18

24

20

Key decisions

0-5 years

11

11

12

10

6-10 years

12

13

11

12

11-20 years

27

31

22

31

21 years or more

50

45

55

47

Education

Completed grade 8

15

19

13

8

Completed some high

school

9

9

10

4

Completed high school or

equivalent

36

35

36

38

Some college or

vocational training

18

17

19

18

Completed college

degree(s)

22

20

22

32

Farm debt

0-10 low

44

36

52

50

11-40 moderate

36

40

32

34

41-70 high

15

18

12

15

>70 very high

5

6

4

1

Off-farm income

Off-farm income greater

than $12,000

29

28

28

36

Off-farm income less

than $12,000

27

26

28

27

No off-farm income______

44

46

44________

37_________

Education

More than three-fourths of the respondents have a high school degree or higher; slightly less than one-
quarter have at least one college degree. Intensive Grazer farmers have the most formal education, with
about one-third completing one or more college degrees.



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