The name is absent



Division     Cluster

of sample number

No. of
countries

Countries

Small                1

vegetable
exporters

18

Bahrain, Burkina Faso, Dominica, Gambia, Guinea, Guyana, Indonesia,
Islamic Rep. of Iran, Jamaica, Malaysia, Mauritius, Panama, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent/Grenadines, Sri Lanka, Venezuela,

~

7^^

French Polynesia, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago,
Uganda, Zambia

___________3

_________4

Barbados, Mozambique, Nepal, Qatar

4

24

Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Cuba, El Salvador, Fiji Islands,
Honduras, Jordan, Republic of Korea, Lebanon, Madagascar, Malawi,
Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Paraguay, Senegal, Sudan, Syrian
Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Zimbabwe

____________ 5 ~

6 ~

Cote d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya

Large              10

______________1

Peru

vegetable           20

exporters

9"

Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, India,
Morocco, Philippines

__________ 30~

3 ~

Chile, China, Mexico

Outlier            100~

1 ~

Thailand

Source: own calculation

According to the particular characteristics of the groups which can be read from the
averages of the three clustering variables in each cluster each group got a specific label
which is displayed in Table 2. To complement the interpretation the “average” value of
fruit and vegetable exports in 2002- 2004 is displayed.

Table 2: Cluster labels - fruit and vegetable exports

Cluster
No.

Cluster label

Exanples

No cf
conitrics

Mean of clustering variables

Descriptive

Difference
(million $)
(2/(4-93/95

Ratio

02∕04∕93∕95

Coefficient
Cfvariation
02/04

Average"
(million $)
02/04

3

Very small exporters,
strong loses, instale

Barbados,
Mozambiqje

4

-2150

0.4

0.85

145

2

Vety small expertes,
strongwinners

FrenehPolynesia
Uganda.

7

6398

4.4

0.26

6258

4

Small exporters,
winners

Bdivia,
Madagascar

24

11935

1.9

0.24

16229

1

Small and medium
exporters, losers

Panama,
Malaysia

18

-16693

0.8

0.19

19481

5

Mediumexpcrters,
winners

Kenya,
Ghana

6

102857

2.0

0.19

237522

10

Large exporter,
very strongwinner

Peru

1

375310

3.2

0.22

543993

20

Large exporters,
winners

Costa Rica,
MCreeee

9

427361

1.6

0.11

1050800

100

Large exporter,
looser

Thailand

1

-239517

0.8

0.19

1128955

30

Very large exporters,
strongwinners

China,
Chile

3

1577467

1.8

0.16

3985954

a Median

Source: own calculation

Clusters are arranged by the median of the average trade value. Albeit this variable was
not entered in the clustering, it is used as additional information to describe the
clusters. The overall growth of agricultural exports was taken into consideration when
interpreting the cluster. Thus when comparing the country ratios to the ratio of all
exports of developing countries to the OECD, a ratio of fruit/ vegetable exports in 2002-
04 compared to 1993- 95 above 1.4 indicates an increase of exports above the average.
All clusters are discussed in detail as follows:

Cluster 3 (very small exporters, strong losers, instable): Cluster 3 consists of four very
small exporters with an average trade value of fruit/ vegetable exports in the second
period in thousand $ (hereafter “average”) below 10,000 (e.g. Barbados, Mozambique). It
is characterized by strong losses (an average ratio of only 0.4) and strong instability of
export values in the second period. This country group can clearly be labeled as “losers”.
Cluster 2 (very small exporters, strong winners): The second group of seven very small
exporters (including e.g. Uganda and French Polynesia) is characterized by strong

10



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