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Subsectoral studies (air transport, logistics and distribution services,
and mode 4 in relation to poverty;
Measurement issues and data collection related to services;
Empirical studies of the links between economic development and service
sector liberalization.
(c) Non-tariff barriers and behind-the-border barriers, including:
• The systematic study of these barriers, including inventories of measures/
barriers;
• The impact of mutual recognition agreements on conformity and trade;
• The identification of lead factors relevant to harmonizing standards.
(d) The movement of people. This includes:
• The impact of demographic differences in the region on movements of
labour and (regional) management of labour movement;
• The implications of increasing population in urban areas;
• The implications of shifting demography on trade in health and education
services provision (across all GATS modes of delivery).
(e) Democratization of trade policy design. This includes:
• The role of interest groups and lobbying in policy design, particularly
the role of consumers, producers, legislators (parliamentarians) and
policymakers as well as their interactions;
• Political economy of trade policy formulation in major economies (including
the United States, the European Union and Japan);
• Institutional settings and economic change;
• The impact of interregional linkages on process and quality of policy
design;
• Assessment of resistance to trade policy reform.
(f) Advances in methodology. This includes:
• Expanding the measurement limits;
• A more extensive use of case studies that are based on systematically
collected evidence;
Primary data collection using survey instruments;
Cost-benefit analysis;
Estimation of data reliability.