Table 2: Results for the structural model
|
Parameter |
Ex. Variable |
Drinking |
Smoking | ||
|
Estimate S |
t. Error |
Estimate S |
t. Error | ||
|
γa |
fitted smoking |
0.089** |
0.024 |
- |
- |
|
γc |
fitted drinking |
- |
- |
-0.224** |
0.049 |
|
father monthly drinker |
1.947** |
0.299 |
- |
- | |
|
father weekly drinker |
3.399** |
0.323 |
- |
- | |
|
father daily drinker |
4.293** |
0.371 |
- |
- | |
|
δa |
mother monthly drinker |
2.994** |
0.276 |
- |
- |
|
mother weekly drinker |
4.707** |
0.404 |
- |
- | |
|
mother daily drinker |
4.587** |
0.513 |
- |
- | |
|
father ex-smoker |
- |
- |
3.775** |
0.440 | |
|
X |
father smoker |
- |
- |
7.222** |
0.408 |
|
δc |
mother ex-smoker |
- |
- |
3.063** |
0.420 |
|
mother smoker |
- |
- |
7.604** |
0.353 | |
|
constant |
-5.234** |
1.947 |
-37.053** |
2.387 | |
|
year 1986 |
-2.491** |
0.358 |
-4.515** |
0.482 | |
|
year 1990 |
-2.655** |
0.340 |
-5.649** |
0.453 | |
|
year 1992 |
-7.136** |
0.590 |
-7.366** |
0.892 | |
|
west |
-7.751** |
0.478 |
-1.618* |
0.753 | |
|
female |
-10.841** |
0.253 |
-6.957** |
0.639 | |
|
age |
1.915** |
0.155 |
3.763** |
0.202 | |
|
age2/100 |
-2.631** |
0.281 |
-6.230** |
0.361 | |
|
parents married |
0.016 |
0.271 |
-2.171** |
0.388 | |
|
father has low degree |
0.808* |
0.324 |
-0.325 |
0.463 | |
|
β |
father has medium degree |
0.559 |
0.379 |
-0.758 |
0.647 |
|
father has high degree |
0.191 |
0.601 |
-1.951 |
1.001 | |
|
father has uni degree |
1.176** |
0.432 |
-2.296** |
0.664 | |
|
mother has low degree |
-0.102 |
0.270 |
-0.575 |
0.333 | |
|
mother has medium degree |
0.039 |
0.341 |
-0.547 |
0.491 | |
|
mother has high degree |
-0.732 |
0.860 |
-3.028** |
0.957 | |
|
mother has uni degree |
0.085 |
0.560 |
-2.144* |
0.884 | |
|
grown up with mother |
-1.653* |
0.674 |
-5.111** |
0.854 | |
|
grown up with father |
-3.898** |
1.232 |
-6.899** |
1.537 | |
|
grown up with both |
1.078 |
1.150 |
1.128 |
1.515 | |
|
no. children at parents home |
0.045 |
0.084 |
0.681** |
0.093 | |
|
LR-statistic |
4362.324 |
2400.042 | |||
|
number of obs. |
25695 |
26353 | |||
|
ovi-test |
________0.489 |
0.000 | |||
Notes: ** significant at the the 1% level; * significant at the the 5% level; bootstrapped
st. errors (100 repetitions); “ovi-test” indicates p-values for testing over-identifying restrictions.
17
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