Tobacco and Alcohol: Complements or Substitutes? - A Statistical Guinea Pig Approach

Parameter

Ex. Variable

Drinking

Smoking

Estimate S

t. Error

Estimate S

t. Error

γa

fitted smoking

0.089**

0.024

-

-

γc

fitted drinking

-

-

-0.224**

0.049

father monthly drinker

1.947**

0.299

-

-

father weekly drinker

3.399**

0.323

-

-

father daily drinker

4.293**

0.371

-

-

δ_a

mother monthly drinker

2.994**

0.276

-

-

mother weekly drinker

4.707**

0.404

-

-

mother daily drinker

4.587**

0.513

-

-

father ex-smoker

-

-

3.775**

0.440

X

father smoker

-

-

7.222**

0.408

δ_c

mother ex-smoker

-

-

3.063**

0.420

mother smoker

-

-

7.604**

0.353

constant

-5.234**

1.947

-37.053**

2.387

year 1986

-2.491**

0.358

-4.515**

0.482

year 1990

-2.655**

0.340

-5.649**

0.453

year 1992

-7.136**

0.590

-7.366**

0.892

west

-7.751**

0.478

-1.618*

0.753

female

-10.841**

0.253

-6.957**

0.639

age

1.915**

0.155

3.763**

0.202

age²/100

-2.631**

0.281

-6.230**

0.361

parents married

0.016

0.271

-2.171**

0.388

father has low degree

0.808*

0.324

-0.325

0.463

β

father has medium degree

0.559

0.379

-0.758

0.647

father has high degree

0.191

0.601

-1.951

1.001

father has uni degree

1.176**

0.432

-2.296**

0.664

mother has low degree

-0.102

0.270

-0.575

0.333

mother has medium degree

0.039

0.341

-0.547

0.491

mother has high degree

-0.732

0.860

-3.028**

0.957

mother has uni degree

0.085

0.560

-2.144*

0.884

grown up with mother

-1.653*

0.674

-5.111**

0.854

grown up with father

-3.898**

1.232

-6.899**

1.537

grown up with both

1.078

1.150

1.128

1.515

no. children at parents home

0.045

0.084

0.681**

0.093

LR-statistic

4362.324

2400.042

number of obs.

25695

26353

ovi-test

________0.489

0.000