Electric field
The electromagnetic field is composed from electric and magnetic field. The
electric field could be described via vector field of the electric intensity E . The
electric intensity is defined as the ratio of the electric force FE acting upon
charged body and the charge q of the body.
—— ——
(3)
— l. ∆ FE dFE
E = lim —E- = —E
∆q→0 ∆qdq
It should be noted that the electric field is potential field - that is the work W
along closed contour Γ is zero.
(4)
(5)
Wγ = c∫) dW = 0
Γ
(f FE ∙ dl = 0
Γ
where l is the length of the contour Γ.
Every point from the electric field has electric potential V defined with the specific
(for unit charge) work needed to carry a charge from this point to infinity. The
electric potential of point c of given electric field has potential V defined by:
(6) V = ∞ E ∙ dl + K
c
where V∞ =K=0 . The electric potential difference between two points 1 and 2
defines voltage ∆V (synonyms: electric potential, electromotive force, potential,
potential difference, potential drop).
18
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