Picture recognition in animals and humans

D. Bo6et, J. Vauclair/Beha6ioural Brain Research 109 (2000) 143-165

147

macaques have revealed that groups of neurones in
their left inferotemporal cortex are responsive to faces
of other monkeys and are sensitive to the identity of the
monkey [74,113]. It occurred that similar groups of

neurones were firing in response to life facial stimuli, to
picture stimuli and to still video [75].

In addition to nonhuman primates, it seems that
sheep may also be good candidates for studying picture

Table 1

Studies with humans

Task	Nature of pictures	Age	Results	Reference
Discrimination of stimuli with binocular disparity	Stereogram or simple picture of a color drawing	Eight weeks	Increased heart rate in the dishabituation phase	Appel and Campos [1]
from stimuli without binocular disparity
Mother’s photograph recognition	Color slides	Three months	Preference for mother’s picture	Barrera and Maurer [2]
Behavioural observations	Colour photographs	Neonates	Hand raising is elicited by a real ball but not by its photograph	Bower [6]
Event-related potentials recorded from babies watching pictures of their mother’s face or a stranger’s face	Two-thirds-size digitized colour photographs	Six months	ERP shows difference between observation of the mother’s face and a stranger’s face, but looking time does not	Nelson and de Haan [71]
Finding a hidden object when the location is demonstrated with photographs	Photographs	Twenty-four and 30 months	Failure to find the hidden object in 24-month-old children but not in 30-month-old	Deloache and Burns [23]
Behavioural observations	Color photographs	Nine months	Trying to grasp the depicted objects, despite discriminating between objects and pictures	Deloache et al. [25]
Cross-cultural studies of human picture perception	Black-and-white photographs and drawings	Adults and children with or without experience	Same types of difficulty occur in pictorial and nonpictorial cultures	Deregowski [28]
Presentation of pictures	Line drawings	Adults without experience	Difficulty recognizing what a picture represents	Deregowski et al. [29]
Habituation to a live face, then measurement of fixation times for a slide of	Life-size colour slides	Five months	Perception of similarity between a live person and their photograph	Dirks and Gibson [30]
the same and a novel face
Comparison of amount of reaching to a real ball and to its picture	Color photographs	Twenty-three days	Similar amount of reaching with a real ball and with its picture	Dodwell et al. [32]
Presentation of pictures	Black-and-white photographs	Adults without experience	Difficulty recognizing what a picture represents	Herskovits [41]
Naming the represented objects	Photographs and line drawings	Nineteen months without experience	Correct naming	Hochberg and Brooks [44]
Detection of an adult’s	Colour digitized pictures	Three months	Correct detection	Hood et al. [46]
change of gaze direction
Intermodal transfer between oral and visual exploration	Digitized colored or black-and-white images	Twelve hours	Intermodal transfer occurs	Kaye and Bower [52]
of objects
Presentation of pictures	Black-and-white photographs	Adults without experience	Difficulty recognizing what a picture represents	Kidd [56]
Review of cross-cultural research	Black-and-white photographs and drawings	Adults and children with more or less experience	Difficulty in perception and recognition of various types of pictures	Miller [70]
Recording of event-related potentials	Black-and-white slides	Seven months	Event-related potentials vary with the expression of the faces presented	Nelson and de Haan [71]
Discrimination between 2-D and 3-D stimuli	Simple black-and-white silhouettes	Four weeks and 8 weeks	Visual behavior differentiates between 2-D	Pipp and Haith [76]

and 3-D stimuli

CorPapers

Picture recognition in animals and humans

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