Design and investigation of scalable multicast recursive protocols for wired and wireless ad hoc networks

2.5 Discussion

This chapter has surveyed the concepts of wireless ad hoc networks and the different types of
routing protocols related to it, Unicast and Multicast. This section aims to perform a
comparative discussion on those types of ad hoc routing protocols.

Table 2.1 Comparison between different kinds of unicast ad-hoc protocols.

Routing Class	Proactive	Reactive	Hybrid
Routing structure	Flat and hierarchal are available	Mostly flat	Mostly hierarchal
Availability of routes	Always available	On-demand	Depends on node location (in zone or out of zone)
Periodic route update	Mostly used	Rarely used, sometimes for local repair	Usually
Handling mobility effect	Using periodical messages	Different scenarios, AODV uses local route discovery	More than one path especially between zones. No single point of failure.
Storage	High requirements	Lower than proactive, depends on the number of routes required stored in cache or small tables.	Depends on the size of the zone, big zones means large number of nodes at the end it is as proactive; high storage
Delay	Small as the routes are available (small response time)	Bigger than proactive, need time to establish the route (response time)	Between proactive and reactive. Small for nodes in the zone and become large for nodes outside the zone

Table 2.1 summarizes a comparison of the three categories of unicast protocols discussed in
this chapter, proactive, reactive and hybrid routing protocols. The tradeoffs between
proactive and reactive is quite complex. To decide which approach are better many factors
should be considered, such as the size of the network, the mobility, the traffic load and so on.
DSDV and OLSR discussed before are proactive routing protocols; which is suitable for
networks that topology change is small. This kind of protocols has an advantage that the
routes are immediately available and stored in tables which will reduce the response time. On
the other hand, they cause large amount of storage and high routing overhead as they use
periodical messages to keep information stored in nodes up to date. OLSR surpasses DSDV

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