Design and investigation of scalable multicast recursive protocols for wired and wireless ad hoc networks

Table 4.2 Messages used in SReM

Message	Function	Originator	Receiver
JoinM	IGMP v3 message	Multicast receiver wants to join the multicast group	A multicast-enabled Local Router (LMR).
LeaveM	IGMP v3 message	Multicast member wants to leave the multicast group	A multicast-enabled Local Router (LMR).
RqMs(type)	Request message on behalf of new receiver joining/leaving a multicast group	Local Multicast Router (LMR) on behalf of in response to JoinM/LeaveM messages.	The multicast group source node.
RpMs(type)	Reply message on behalf of RqM message.	The multicast group source node.	The designated LMR organizing the RqM for new receiver joining the multicast group.
eBNM	Branching node enquiry message	Any Branching Node Receiver (BNR) in case of new branching node creation.	Downstream Intermediate Multicast Router (IMR)
rBNM	Branching node reply message	Any IMR eligible to be a new BNR	The upstream BNR that sent the eBNM

4.3 Membership Management

4.3.1 Dynamic Branching node-based Tree (DBT)

In SReM, the interaction between branching nodes due to multicast group member joins
and/or leaves, leads the setup of the multicast tree dynamically and gradually, rather than in
advance. Therefore, the multicast tree is referred to as a dynamic branching node-based tree
(DBT). The two types of branching node messages used to set up the DBT are enquiring
BNM (eBNM) and replying BNM (rBNM). These two messages carry information like
previous branching node address, next branching node address and new Local Multicast-
enabled Router (LMR).

The key point in setting up the DBT is that each Intermediate Multicast Router (IMR) is
aware whether it is a BNR or not. So, IMRs have three functions: -

■ Know its state as a BNR or not.

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