Design and investigation of scalable multicast recursive protocols for wired and wireless ad hoc networks



Table 4.2 Messages used in SReM

Message

Function

Originator

Receiver

JoinM

IGMP v3 message

Multicast receiver wants to
join the multicast group

A multicast-enabled Local
Router (LMR).

LeaveM

IGMP v3 message

Multicast member wants to
leave the multicast group

A multicast-enabled Local
Router (LMR).

RqMs(type)

Request message on behalf of new
receiver joining/leaving a multicast
group

Local Multicast Router
(LMR) on behalf of in
response to JoinM/LeaveM
messages.

The multicast group source
node.

RpMs(type)

Reply message on behalf of RqM
message.

The multicast group source
node.

The designated LMR
organizing the RqM for
new receiver joining the
multicast group.

eBNM

Branching node enquiry message

Any Branching Node
Receiver (BNR) in case of
new branching node
creation.

Downstream Intermediate
Multicast Router (IMR)

rBNM

Branching node reply message

Any IMR eligible to be a
new BNR

The upstream BNR that
sent the eBNM

4.3 Membership Management

4.3.1 Dynamic Branching node-based Tree (DBT)

In SReM, the interaction between branching nodes due to multicast group member joins
and/or leaves, leads the setup of the multicast tree dynamically and gradually, rather than in
advance. Therefore, the multicast tree is referred to as a dynamic branching node-based tree
(DBT). The two types of branching node messages used to set up the DBT are enquiring
BNM (eBNM) and replying BNM (rBNM). These two messages carry information like
previous branching node address, next branching node address and new Local Multicast-
enabled Router (LMR).

The key point in setting up the DBT is that each Intermediate Multicast Router (IMR) is
aware whether it is a BNR or not. So, IMRs have three functions: -

Know its state as a BNR or not.

59



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