SOME FACTORS IN THE MAKING
OF THE COMPLETE CITIZEN1
At such a time as the present, when society is being shaken
in world-wide upheaval and everything seems to be in
process of change, it may appear almost too venturesome
to assume that there are permanent principles for the edu-
cation of the citizen. But perhaps now, more than in periods
of stability, it is incumbent on those who have not yielded to
the panic that society is beyond recovery, believing that a
good purpose is being wrought out in the history of mankind,
to clarify and enunciate, as far as may be, a few of the essen-
tials for a permanent and happy human order, which we
believe have been proved by experience to be necessary for
high civilization.
I
TRADITION
THE meaning of education depends upon its supreme
end. By derivation the word signifies the process of
breeding or training. For what are human beings to be
bred? Artisans are bred to become expert at their trade;
artists to paint or etch; scientists to discover the secrets of
the natural world; those who follow the usual professions
to serve their aims : and, alas, a multitude of men and women
have no breeding at all; of slip-shod ways they live from
1A course of four lectures delivered on the Sharp Foundation of the Rice
Institute, March 21, 22, 23, and 24, 1933, by Sir Robert Falconer, K.C.M.G.,
formerly President of the University of Toronto.
1