2.4.2 Methods
a) Institutional analysis of case study villages
The general method used is the institutional analysis research framework (IAF) developed in
the ICLARM-IFM Fisheries Co-management Project. A socio-economic survey, in combination
with a performance study and semi-structured interviews, was performed in each of the six
case study villages. Structured interviews (surveys) were used to gather information on the
attributes of the community and stakeholders. The socio-economic survey contained questions
on types of employment, family history, ethnicity, and sources of income. Respondents were
also asked their opinions on, among other things, job satisfaction, sasi, village decision-making,
the need to change fisheries rules, the position of women in society and the sale of resource
harvesting rights. Additional semi-structured interviews were used to gather information on
the contextual attributes (i.e., biological, physical and technological attributes, economic
attributes, market structures), exogenous factors, the institutional and organizational
arrangements, and the attributes of the sasi institution and process of institutional decline.
Just as in the other villages where performance was measured, the present outcomes of the
management system were measured using the ladder survey (see Section 2.3.2). These surveys
were applied to 30 heads of fishing households in each village. The objective of combining
the performance survey with in-depth socio-economic assessment was to examine the
relationships between socio-economic factors and perceptions regarding resource health,
community harmony, equity, etc.
Data were collected from a variety of informants (Table 2.1) over two periods: July-August
1997 and December 1997-February 1998.
b) Institutional resilience of sasi
The resilience study is based on information from the inventory and the comparative case
study including demographic information and the contextual attributes (political, economic
and socio-cultural). In addition, key informant interviews in case study villages covered
questions on 1) the objective of sasi, 2) the rules and regulations, 3) the role of the village
government and traditional authorities, 4) leadership, 5) boundaries, 6) compliance and
enforcement, and 7) external factors having an impact on the management institution (based
on Ostrom 1990; Lubis 1992; Ruddle 1993; von Benda-Beckmann et al. 1995). Detailed
information on each of these aspects is described in the individual case studies. The data
from the inventory show the process of decline. The additional information was used to explain
the mechanism behind this process.
c) Market structures and government role in fisheries management
Available government statistics and research documents were reviewed to develop the account
of the historical context for Maluku that is presented in Chapter 3. Market structures and
government management studies were carried out using structured and semi-structured
interviews of key informants (Table 2.1). For the market study, personal observations were
made during field visits to local and regional markets (February 1998).
For both studies, interview notes were compiled and analyzed, results written and conclusions
checked with knowledgeable persons during a workshop serving this purpose (February 1998).
Subsequently, the government management material was presented to local government
Methods 23