Does adult education at upper secondary level influence annual wage earnings?

Table 1 Frequencies and fractions of individuals at some point attending upper
secondary AE in 1988-2001 across various educational levels in 1990.

	Males	% of total	% in AE	Fe- males	% of total	% in AE
Less than 9 years of
compulsory school	114	.2	14.0	81	.1	34.6
Compulsory school	7,261	13.4	28.2	7,123	13.7	51.9
Upper secondary ≤ 2 years	27,045	50.0	27.1	23,636	45.5	47.2
Upper secondary ≤ 3 years	14,073	26.0	23.7	18,610	35.8	36.6
Post-secondary < 3 years	5,603	10.4	19.5	2,456	4.7	32.2
Post-secondary ≥3 years	24	.0	21.7	28	.0	21.4
Missing	398	.7		275	.5
Total______________________	54,518			52,209

Figure 2 displays the number of participants at upper secondary komvux from
1988 to 2001. As was the overall trend in Sweden, enrolment among those born
in 1970 is skewed towards the latter part of the period as government allow-
ances for AE grew larger. The peak occurred in 1998 after the AEI had been
introduced in the previous year. AEI participants were eligible for the special
grant for education and training, UBS, equal to the individual’s unemployment
insurance (UI) level. In 1998, UBS recipients represented 42 per cent of the en-
rolled individuals. Overall during the 1990’s, the background of participants at
komvux changed as AE more frequently became a labour market measure for
the unemployed. AE studies also gradually became more intense. There was a
threefold increase in the average number of credits between 1993 and 1997 and
the average number of courses increased from 2.2 at the start of the 1990’s to
4.5 from 1996/97 and onwards. Another development was that the fraction of
evening courses decreased from 19 per cent in 1992 to 7 per cent in 1999.

Course registrations at komvux were reported each semester except in
1992/93 when they were made at the end of the spring semester for the school
year as a whole. It appears that for 1992/93 many courses were then never re-
ported. Those that were have here been attributed to 1992 which explains the
dip that can be observed in 1993.

IFAU - Does adult education at upper secondary level influence annual wage earnings?

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