Improving the Impact of Market Reform on Agricultural Productivity in Africa: How Institutional Design Makes a Difference



Table 1. Trends in coarse grain production per capita, area, yield, and net exports, selected countries.

production      production per net exports fertilizer use

(000 mt)         capita (kg)      (000 tons)      (000 tons)

(a)                  (b)                (c)               (d)

three-year centered moving average

Zimbabwe

1970-74

1,863

340

628

na

1975-79

1,866

295

429

378

1980-84

1,980

267

205

471

1985-89

2,307

263

314

443

1990-92

1,602 (1,950)a

161 (190)a

-228

451

1993-95

1,078 (2,069)a

108 (128)a

64

442

Zimbabwe

1970-74

612

116

na

8.6

(smallholder sector)

1975-79

731

117

27.1

1980-84

948

127

97.2

1985-89

1,562

177

119.0

1990-92

1,078 (1,308)a

108 (128)a

98.0

1993-94

1,137 (1,269)a

102 (115)a

86.6

Zambia

1970-74

808

224

-78

47.9

1975-79

753

160

-94

65.3

1980-84

1,056

188

-181

74.3

1985-89

1,618

235

-161

80.4

1990-95

1,304 (1,402)

173 (193)a

-239

68.2

Malawi

1970-74

1,185

328

14

14.1

1975-79

1,240

286

-5

21.8

1980-84

1,315

267

30

33.4

1985-89

1,351

228

-24

43.9

1990-94

1,346 (1,389)

182 (196)a

-215

58.0

Kenya

1970-74

4,215

102

77

144.2

1975-79

5,771

133

71

130.2

1980-84

6,928

132

59

155.7

1985-89

8,533

126

120

235.1

1990-95

7,427

92

-102

241.5

Tanzania

1970-74

1,332

89

-207

na

1975-79

2,498

145

-142

1980-84

3,015

151

-274

1985-89

3,898

166

-113

1990-95

3,677

132

-138

South Africab

1970-74

7,681

327

2,435

na

1975-79

9,031

332

2,909

1980-84

8,476

311

3,069

1985-89

7,817

206

1,428

1990-94

7,420 (7,913)a

204 (216)a

1,090

notes: αfigures in parentheses exclude the 1992 drought year. figures for South Africa are for maize only. The share of maize in
total coarse grain production during the 1980-1989 period was estimated at 91% in Zimbabwe, 98% for Malawi, 95% for
Zambia, 92% for Kenya, and 94% for South Africa (USDA 1992). Sources: Population data: Urban and Nightingale (1993).
Grain data: Min. Agric. data files (Zimbabwe); Jones 1994 (Zambia); Min. Agric. data files, compliments of J. Rusike (Malawi);
Egerton University, Policy Analysis Matrix database (Kenya); FAO Production, Trade, and Fertilizer Yearbooks (Tanzania);
Maize Board, various years, and RSA 1994 (South Africa).

12



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