Happiness in Eastern Europe

of the dependent variable are not symmetric. For instance, transforming a Czech into a
Slovenian (Bulgarian) citizen raises the probability of answering “not at all satisfied” by 5%
(35%) and “not very satisfied” by 2% (reduces by 8%), and lowers the probability of falling
into the “very satisfied” category by 7% (28%). Apart from the country dummies, the
marginal effects have the same sign on the two lower categories, with the highest category
taking on the opposite sign. National differences are generally more important than variations
in individual economic and socio-demographic variables. For example, to keep the probability
of answering “very satisfied” constant after transforming a Czech into a Bulgarian citizen, he
needs to get a university degree and must enter the highest income quartile.

Table 3: Marginal effects of ordered logit model

Happiness categories:	Not at all satisfied	Not very satisfied	Very satisfied
Country dummies:
Slovak Republic	0.05 *	0.02 *	-0.07 **
Slovenia	0.11 ^**	0.03 ^**	-0.14 ^**
Hungary	0.21 **	0.001	-0.21 **
Poland	0.25 **	-0.01	-0.24 **
Romania	0.28 ^**	-0.04 ^*	-0.25 ^**
Bulgaria	0.35 **	-0.08 **	-0.28 **
Age effect:
Age	0.004 **	0.004 **	-0.01 **
Age squared	-0.0001 **	-0.00005 **	0.0001 **
Marital status:
Married	-0.05 **	-0.03 **	0.08 **
Education:
University	-0.03 **	-0.04 **	0.07 **
Type of employment:
Unemployed	0.09 ^**	0.02 ^**	-0.12 ^**
Income quartiles
Lower-middle quartile	-0.02 ^**	-0.03 ^**	0.05 ^**
Upper-middle quartile	-0.05 **	-0.06 **	0.10 **
Highest quartile	-0.08 **	-0.12 **	0.20 **

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Happiness in Eastern Europe

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