Learning-by-Exporting? Firm-Level Evidence for UK Manufacturing and Services Sectors

Industries:

Independent variables--.^

_______AGF______

_______FBT_______

_______TCL_____

______WPP______

β

t- stat

β

t- stat

β

t- stat

β

t- stat

ln gross outputt-1

0.191

1.84

0.062

0.74

0.230

2.69

0.159

1.46

ln M x EXP_always

1.010

4.13

0.686

4.36

0.848

6.90

0.803

4.01

ln M x EXP_never

0.423

5.15

0.696

21.05

0.433

18.71

0.606

5.03

ln M x EXP_entry

0.939

4.48

0.675

5.57

0.841

7.79

0.519

3.22

ln M x EXP_exit

0.523

1.98

0.874

12.77

0.635

8.75

0.539

3.31

ln M x EXP_both

1.142

1.94

0.553

7.92

0.804

7.27

0.488

3.65

ln K x EXP_always

0.102

2.14

0.113

3.32

0.119

2.41

0.151

2.61

ln K x EXP_never

0.155

2.52

0.170

4.01

0.179

3.03

0.245

2.78

ln K x EXP_entry

0.048

1.89

0.066

2.62

0.161

2.40

0.225

2.37

ln K x EXP_exit

0.420

1.90

0.112

1.89

0.142

2.36

0.269

2.14

ln K x EXP_both

0.106

1.06

0.272

3.96

0.144

1.83

0.248

2.74

ln E x EXP_always

0.049

2.87

0.268

2.55

0.160

2.23

0.148

3.06

ln E x EXP_never

0.200

3.00

0.216

4.53

0.189

2.64

0.296

3.54

ln E x EXP_entry

0.089

2.03

0.475

4.20

0.074

2.28

0.338

3.63

ln E x EXP_exit

0.150

2.77

0.130

4.92

0.190

2.67

0.218

1.93

ln E x EXP_both

0.188

2.98

0.207

3.10

0.095

1.92

0.296

2.95

t x EXP_both

0.134

3.07

0.039

2.20

0.004

0.25

0.030

1.56

t x EXP_never

0.016

1.54

0.006

1.08

0.004

0.18

0.004

0.53

t x EXP_entry

0.023

0.61

-0.014

-1.33

-0.023

-0.96

0.004

0.20

t x EXP_exit

0.013

0.12

0.026

1.17

0.039

0.61

0.025

1.15

t x EXP_always

-0.005

-0.38

0.006

1.12

-0.003

-0.44

-0.021

-1.08

EXP_entry t+1

0.061

0.99

-0.013

-0.15

0.066

0.32

0.678

1.87

EXP_entry t

-0.012

-0.16

0.117

2.31

0.173

0.81

-0.228

-0.52

EXP_entry t-1

-0.066

-0.71

-0.019

-0.28

-0.094

-1.13

-0.238

-1.99

EXP_exit t+1

0.084

0.67

-0.126

-1.83

-0.284

-1.83

0.107

0.38

EXP_exit _t

0.133

0.45

-0.054

-0.62

-0.072

-0.44

0.118

0.88

EXP_exit t-1

-0.447

-0.53

-0.049

-1.23

0.157

1.31

-0.236

-1.64

EXP_both t+1

0.689

4.66

-0.021

-0.30

-0.086

-1.10

0.076

0.91

EXP_both t

0.042

0.33

0.211

2.08

-0.153

-1.57

-0.013

-0.15

EXP_both t-1

0.260

1.42

-0.104

-1.80

0.110

0.94

0.057

1.09

Constant x EXP_always

1.281

1.05

2.344

2.75

-0.628

-0.85

1.548

0.68

Constant x EXP_never

1.122

0.89

-0.884

-1.07

2.535

3.31

-0.705

-0.31

Constant x EXP_entry

0.001

0.00

-0.261

-0.26

0.103

0.09

0.716

0.32

Constant x EXP_exit

0.272

0.07

-1.085

-1.36

1.427

1.49

0.249

0.11

Constant x EXP_both

-4.562

-0.73

-1.557

-1.96

0.500

0.45

1.793

0.71

Industry dummies

yes

yes

yes

yes

Region dummies

yes

yes

yes

yes

Diagnostic statistics
No. of Obs.

1702

3065

2223

6903

No. of groups

508

741

530

1798

Hansen-test ( χ² )

107.15

185.96

150.91

265.83

AR(1) z-statistic

-3.24^***

- - _ _*
0.095

_ _ _ **

-2.29

_ _ ***

-2.91

AR(2) z-statistic_______________

_________1.08

0.738

1.48

-0.76