Appendix
Construction of the Index of Fiscal Control [as used in Figure 2]
The index of fiscal control comprises a weighted average index measuring the tax raising
autonomy of state and local governments, multiplied by the magnitude of these respective
taxation revenues. The information required to construct the weights is derived from OECD
(1999).
|
Indicators of Tax autonomy |
Weight |
|
State/Local government free to set both tax rate and tax base. |
1 |
|
State/Local government free to set tax rate only. |
08 |
|
State/Local government free to set tax base only. |
06 |
|
State/Local government able to determine revenue-split in tax sharing |
05 |
|
Revenue split in tax sharing arrangement with higher level of government |
01 |
|
Revenue split in tax sharing arrangement is fixed, but can be unilaterally altered |
03 |
|
Revenue split in tax sharing arrangement is determined by higher level of |
01 |
|
Higher level of government sets both tax rate and base. |
0 |
For example:
For Poland, a country with a central and local government structure, 45% of taxation is in
category (b), 1% category (c) and 54% category (d.3), the index is obtained as follows:
Index of fiscal control = 0.45*0.8 + 0.01*0.6 + 0.54*0.3 = 0.528
Alternatively, for a country with a central, state and local government structure, eg.
Switzerland the index takes account of the ratio of state vis-à-vis local taxation revenues:
Communities: 0.97*0.8 + 0.03*0.3 = 0.785
Cantons: 0.89*1 + 0.06*0.4 + 0.05*0.3 = 0.929
Index of fiscal control = (16/38)*0.785 + (22/38)*0.929 = 0.868.
38
More intriguing information
1. Agricultural Policy as a Social Engineering Tool2. The name is absent
3. Moi individuel et moi cosmique Dans la pensee de Romain Rolland
4. Can a Robot Hear Music? Can a Robot Dance? Can a Robot Tell What it Knows or Intends to Do? Can it Feel Pride or Shame in Company?
5. The name is absent
6. Mergers and the changing landscape of commercial banking (Part II)
7. Personal Income Tax Elasticity in Turkey: 1975-2005
8. Examining Variations of Prominent Features in Genre Classification
9. Female Empowerment: Impact of a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines
10. THE CHANGING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS