AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PRODUCTION EFFECTS OF ADOPTING GM SEED TECHNOLOGY: THE CASE OF FARMERS IN ARGENTINA

The procedure for obtaining a permit consists of two stages. First, the CONABIA
evaluates the application and grants or denies a permit for experimentation. The second
stage, which allows for extensive use of experimentation, consists of determining
whether the use of the genetically modified organism will have an impact on the
environment similar to the one produced by a similar non-genetically modified
organism.⁶⁶ Only eleven applications passed the second stage (Table 5).

TABLE 5. Permits Granted by CONABIA⁶⁷

Seed	Characteristic	Resolution - Date	Company
Soybean	Tolerance to Glifosato	SAPyA 115, 3-7- 96	Nidera S.A.
Corn	Resistance to Leptidopteros	SAPyA 458, 8-2- 96	Ciba-Geigy
Corn	Tolerance Glufosinato de Ammonia	SAGPyA 77 2-11- 98	AgrEvo S.A.
Corn	Resistance Lepidopteros	SAGPyA 289 3- 29-98	Monsanto
Cotton	Resistance Lepidopteros	SAGPyA 290 5- 29-98	Monsanto
Corn	Tolerance to Glifosato	SAGPyA 79 10-8- 98	Monsanto
Cotton	Tolerance to Glifosato	SAGPyA 721 11- 11-99	Monsanto
Corn	Resistance Lepidopteros	SAGPyA 442 8- 16-00	Novartis
Soybean	Tolerance Glufosinato de Ammonia	SAGPyA 47 5-7- 01	Hoechst Schering AgrEvo S.A.
Corn	Tolerance to Glifosato	SAGPyA 361 5-2- 03	Monsanto
Corn	Resistance Lepidopteros and Tolerance Glufosinato de Ammonia	SAGPyA 209 9-1- 03	Dow AgroSciences S.A. and Pioneer Argentina S.A.

After obtaining this permit, companies need to obtain another authorization to
commercialize the genetically modified variety. Ten of the varieties listed in Table 4

66 See id.

67 See id.

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