Income Growth and Mobility of Rural Households in Kenya: Role of Education and Historical Patterns in Poverty Reduction

Models

1

Continuous
Education

2

With primary

3

With secondary

4

With College
education

LID

0.49*

-0.10

0.13

0.05

(1.82)

(0.25)

(0.56)

(0.24)

LID*education

-0.15*

0.25

-1.40*

-1.18*

(1.96)

(0.21)

(1.88)

(1.92)

Δ dtmrd

-1.29

0.64

0.31

0.03

(0.55)

(0.31)

(0.15)

(0.02)

Δ mdist

6.88

10.19

7.26*

8.69**

(1.57)

(1.40)

(1.81)

(2.44)

Δ agehd

-0.69

2.18

1.84

1.13

(0.15)

(0.66)

(0.71)

(0.46)

Δ agehd2

-0.01

-0.01

-0.02

-0.01

(0.19)

(0.41)

(1.03)

(0.69)

Δ educhd

40.48**

(2.23)

Δ primo

-50.13

(0.23)

Δ seco

348.73**

(2.13)

Δ cole

320.24**

(2.30)

Δ malehd

58.37

-6.88

40.48

29.40

(1.29)

(0.15)

(1.31)

(1.14)

Δ padofe

96.78***

102.63***

108.26***

106.20***

(4.29)

(4.92)

(5.24)

(5.52)

Δ ldcult

-0.89

1.54

-0.13

0.35

(0.60)

(0.64)

(0.16)

(0.39)

Δ nlvstok

0.94***

1.29***

1.20***

0.77*

(3.56)

(2.84)

(4.76)

(1.71)

Δ nmalad

19.21*

7.83

14.54**

12.29*

(1.95)

(0.91)

(2.06)

(1.92)

Δ nfemad

9.19

11.96**

10.08*

8.98*

(1.51)

(2.26)

(1.85)

(1.70)

Δ month

-3.83

-3.02

-2.68

-3.08*

(1.55)

(1.61)

(1.33)

(1.72)

Δ grpmem

5.14

10.04

5.83

1.73

(0.37)

(0.65)

(0.51)

(0.17)

year dummy

14.87

-32.04

-6.67

-7.04

(0.43)

(1.25)

(0.39)

(0.42)

Observations

1324

1324

1324

1324

Robust t statistics in parentheses

* significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; ***

significant at 1%