The name is absent

Nelson et al. (2000)

Case study

N=1 family

First hand account of
events.

No

Retrospective

Level 1

Low

Low

Low

Low

Nixon et al. (2006)

One group post-test only

Views studies

No

Concerns re. reliability of
record keeping

Cross-
sectional

Level 1

Low

Low

Medium

Low

Pritchard (2001)
Non-randomized
controlled trial

self-reported
questionnaires used for
outcomes no verification

All the questionnaire-type
surveys were subjected to
independent inter-rater
reliability tests

Prospective

Level 3

High

Medium

High

Medium

Sen and Goldbart (2005)
One group pre∕post-test
Action research

Needs assessment
questionnaire was
developed in consultation
with field workers, piloted
with a sample of six
families and altered based
on their feedback, (p 284)

"As far as possible,
the project team
always included two
team members so that
information obtained from
the needs assessment
could be cross-checked
for accuracy of
interpretation. However,
no further methods of
verification by families
were used.” (p 284)

Prospective

Level 2

High

Low

Medium

Low

Tischler et al. (2004)

Surveys

Views studies

The focus of this data
extraction.

Interview schedule
developed based on
previous research.

Interviews conducted in
hostel.

Participants were assured
of confidentiality.

Independent researcher

Semi-structured interview
with clear interview
schedule.

Independent researcher

Cross-
sectional

Level 1

Medium

Low

Medium

Low