Are Japanese bureaucrats politically stronger than farmers?: The political economy of Japan's rice set-aside program



Table 3 Result of Estimation (Regressions Relating to Bureaucrats’ Discretion)

Fiscal

Share of households

Average cost per bag

Share of Jishu- ryutsu-

Adjusted R

year

with full- time farmers

of rice

mai (High quality rice)

Square (R2)

(FTF)

(COST)

(JISHU)

1980

0.10353(1.42346)

0.49015**(2.54991)

-0.14620**(-2.36458)

0.319883

1981

0.06347(0.92714)

0.49110* (1.82013)

-0.13948**(-2.50822)

0.233590

1982

0.06685(1.03292)

0.52976**(2.65238)

-0.11905**(-2.10339)

0.296930

1983

0.09894(1.48625)

0.66166***(3.08470)

-0.14607**(-2.51483)

0.357808

1984

0.15233**(2.46090)

1.06927***(4.81020)

-0.15546***(-3.02321)

0.492769

**(2.10653)

**(5.05181)

**(-2.68382)

1985

0.10389(1.49822)

0.66808***(3.51768)

-0.19554***(-3.50770)

0.410533

1986

0.14011**(2.13317)

1.11849***(4.63530)

-0.14939***(-2.86602)

0.498465

1987

0.12383**(2.52331)

0.79062***(5.09708)

-0.09852**(-2.49713)

0.510986

1988

0.08896*(1.69799)

0.70547***(3.41447)

-0.12913**(-2.50536)

0.378622

(1.49682)

***(3.85892)

*(-1.86693)

1989

0.17634***(3.88629)

1.02499***(5.61896)

-0.29165**(-2.15429)

0.487166

1990

0.14211***(3.41031)

0.70068***(4.97968)

-0.14433**(-2.68288)

0.577618

1991

0.07639 (1.62473)

0.33884**(2.45223)

-0.26155***(-3.48585)

0.365581

1992

0.08941 *(1.95487)

0.81918***(4.86336)

-0.29334***(-3.67120)

0.498842

1993

0.16841***(3.19447)

0.93959***(4.36878)

-0.98989 (-1.11960)

0.379464

1994

0.32378***(4.70731)

1.55627***(5.34282)

-0.32353**(-2.53926)

0.566989

1995

0.19951***(3.40856)

1.12118***(3.99142)

-0.34262**(-2.17628)

0.424676

1996

0.14880***(3.40450)

0.99551***(5.15642)

-0.27649**(-2.17636)

0.507915

1997

0.17312***(3.52664)

0.89649***(4.53426)

-0.13040 (-1.14917)

0.431648

1998

0.13678***(3.31782)

0.77235***(4.41765)

-0.09809 (-0.28284)

0.452057

1999

0.12527***(3.12786)

0.69758***(4.61436)

0.04182 (0.16902)

0.417774

2000

0.16717***(4.18409)

0.92626***(6.15059)

0.30184 (0.99480)

0.520145

2001

0.12702***(3.78763)

0.67454***(5.20378)

0.04703 (0.23939)

0.468927

Note: 1) Figures in the first and second columns are the scores of parameters’ coefficients. Those in
parentheses are scores of t-statistics.

2) *P<0.1, **P<0.05 and ***P<0.01

3) Figures on lower lines in 1984 and 1988 are t-statistics calculated from White hetero-skedasticity
consistent covariance.

4) Shaded figures showed different signs from the theoretically expected ones.



More intriguing information

1. DISCUSSION: ASSESSING STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN THE DEMAND FOR FOOD COMMODITIES
2. The Role of State Trading Enterprises and Their Impact on Agricultural Development and Economic Growth in Developing Countries
3. Reversal of Fortune: Macroeconomic Policy, International Finance, and Banking in Japan
4. The name is absent
5. ALTERNATIVE TRADE POLICIES
6. The name is absent
7. How we might be able to understand the brain
8. The name is absent
9. The name is absent
10. The name is absent