Strategic Policy Options to Improve Irrigation Water Allocation Efficiency: Analysis on Egypt and Morocco



sunflower. Land for peanut falls, which leaves room for rain-fed land to use more land than base
scenario for peanut production. Land for producing greenhouse tomato, vegetables for
processing and olives also increased on LSI.

Land allocation changes on PRI mainly with forage crops and vegetables. Forage crop
increased. Except for early potato, land for vegetable production increased. This compensates for
the decrease on land used to produce vegetables on LSI. Land allocated to oranges decreased on
LSI, but increased on PRI.

Tables 8 to Table 10 show cropping pattern changes under different land classifications.
Table 11 gives the import changes under corresponding scenarios. Cultivation of vegetables and
fruits increased under all policy scenarios on LSI land (Table 8). Except for grape, it decreased
slightly under water pricing and energy tax. Cereals and industrial crop decreased as well under
all policy scenarios, although not in the same magnitude. Land for sunflower increased due to the
decrease in import of raw sunflower oil (Table 11).

Table 9 provides changes in irrigated land (PRI) under energy tax and output tax
scenarios. There are small decreases in land allocated to cereal and clover due to an increasing
energy tax rate. More tomato, strawberry, melon, other vegetables, and olive, are planted on PRI
with an energy tax. Increase on PRI land for some vegetables and olive production can also be
observed in the model results.

In the rain-fed region (Table 10), land allocated to produce barley, forage, peanuts,
sunflowers, and grapes increased to compensate the decrease of these crop productions on LSI
and PRI at the corresponding energy tax rate. More durum wheat, bread wheat, and barley are
imported into the country as the energy tax increases. The increase of energy tax rate enhanced
the total land area cultivation on rain-fed land. Both durum wheat and bread wheat decreased;

19



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