The Modified- Classroom ObservationScheduletoMeasureIntenticnaCommunication( M-COSMIC): EvaluationofReliabilityandValidity

Modified COSMIC 18

examine associations of M-COSMIC rates of Eye Contact with the ADOS-G item Eye Contact,
nor the M-COSMIC rates of Request Object/Action with ADOS-G Requesting due to lack of
variability in the ADOS-G scores for these items (with almost all children at floor on Eye
Contact and at ceiling on Requesting). However, M-COSMIC rates of Show/Give were highly
correlated with ADOS-G Showing⁵, r = .49, p = .001. There was no association, however,
between M-COSMIC rates of Follows Gaze/Point and ADOS-G item Response to Joint
Attention, r = -.05, p = .77, nor between M-COSMIC rates of Initiating Joint Attention and
ADOS-G item Spontaneous Initiation of Joint Attention, r = .26, p = .11. Thus at the specific M-
COSMIC and ADOS-G item level, associations were mixed and were generally stronger for the
non-verbal items than the verbal items.

5.4 Associations between M-COSMIC and standardised language assessments

Table 5 presents correlation coefficients between various rates of broad coding categories
of M-COSMIC forms, functions, and roles and children’s scores on the standardised language
assessments. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons, with resultant
adoption of a significance level of p ≤ .001. Higher rates of M-COSMIC verbal forms (i.e.,
vocalisations, single words, and phrase speech) were associated with better parent- and teacher-
reports of adaptive communication, higher expressive vocabulary counts, and better performance
on the PLS for both comprehension and expression. Rates of M-COSMIC non-verbal
communication forms (i.e., gestures/pointing, actions, eye contact and gaze switching, following
another’s gaze/point, and showing/giving acts) were only significantly associated with
expressive vocabulary counts.

Rates of M-COSMIC act for Behaviour Regulation function were not associated with any
of the standardised language measure scores. Higher bids for Social Interaction function were

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