Public-Private Partnerships in Urban Development in the United States

21

• Finance,

• Management,

• Tax Incentives,

• Markets, and

• Research.

The partnership activities can be classified basically into financial (finance and tax incentives)
and not primarily financial (land, research, management) activities. Derived from this
categorization, a chief concern of public-private partnerships in the US is finance. Such an
analysis of possible partnership activities is an useful approach to distinguish different kinds
of partnerships. Therefore, Hamlin and Lyons give an excellent overview of various
intersectoral partnership activities that can be employed for further consideration. Perhaps the
most useful and comprehensive typology, however, is the one by Kleinberg (Kleinberg,
1995:253-267). He distinguishes four models of public-private partnership presented in figure
2.

Figure 2: Four models of public-private partnerships by Kleinberg

Unequal (Business-dominated or Corporatist) Partnership

• Associated with downtown corporate center strategy

• Private partners receive most of the benefits

• Subtypes:

conventional unequal public-private partnership model of the 1950s (Urban Renewal)
and new unequal public-private partnership model since the 1970s

• Forms:

Conventional growth coalitions

Quasi-public Development Corporations

Publicly formalized contractual relationships

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