Public-Private Partnerships in Urban Development in the United States

22

Strategic Progressive Planning Model

• Opposite to business-dominated public-private partnerships

• New, more people-oriented approach to planning

• Fosters neighborhood planning and broad public-private partnerships involving
Community Development Communities (CDCs)

Source: (own draft) Kleinberg, 1995, 253-267

Kleinberg presents the unequal partnership and the strategic progressive planning model as
two extreme models of partnerships with two types of linked partnerships in between. Similar
to Squires and Levine, he primarily concerns partnerships in equality terms. Furthermore, he
includes in its classification a logically evolution of partnerships beginning with unequal
partnerships of the 1950s and 1960s and linked partnerships in the 1970s and 1980s. The
strategic progressive planning model, however, is still a vision of urban planning. He
describes the four basic types of partnerships comprehensively including certain forms the
models may take as well as specific characteristics that distinguish the models from each
other. In this regard he also takes important components of public-private partnerships such as
public sector involvement and spatial elements into account.

In sum, the discussed classifications are very different in nature. Squires, Levine, Stewman,
and Tarr consider distinct types of partnerships from a social point of view, while Hamlin,
Lyons, and Eisinger argue from a law and economic point of view. For a useful typology,
however, it is necessary to take different approaches of classifying public-private partnerships

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