Deprivation Analysis in Declining Inner City Residential Areas: A Case Study From Izmir, Turkey.

accelerated and become in more serious level. Because of this, at those years there are more families leaving
the district than the new comers.

Table 10: The Periods of Settling in Tuzcu District

On the other hand, after 1970s, while the built environment of the district got blighted and the declining
process has accelerated, property values have been decreasing naturally. Already in this period, the previous
and wealthier residents of the district had left their places. Therefore, the district became more attractive for
lower income groups. As shown in the table 11, the most striking finding about the reason of settling in
Tuzcu District is on economic basis. The 52.3 percent of the research population has settled in Tuzcu District
due to the affordability reason.

Table 11: The Reasons of Settling in Tuzcu District

Material Deprivation

Since the material deprivation includes the lack of material apparatus, goods, services, resources,
amenities, physical environment and locational characteristics of living place, the domains are constituted
regarding to these in the light of Townsend’s deprivation index. Therefore the variables classified according
to the domains as dietary, clothing, housing, home facilities and environmental and locational facilities.

In the light of the findings of the research, grocery expenditure concentrates in the intervals between 0-
60 YTL generally. Within this distribution as shown in the table 12, the highest proportions are 0-20 YTL
and 41-60 YTL by 29.2 %. When this distribution is calculated as monthly expenditures (approximately
between 0-240 YTL), it can be thought that the most of the households within the population assign the most
parts of their income to dietary. Moreover, if this expenditure is considered, they just able to get insufficient
nutrition instead of healthy ones. This situation can be taken as a kind of deprivation of dietary.

Table 12: The Distribution of Average Weekly Grocery Expenditures of Households

On the other hand, the level of the consumption of meat, fish and chicken, which are the basic
nutriments are examined in details. The findings show that only the 15, 4 percent of the families can
consume these basic foods. According to this finding, 84, 6 percent of families are deprived in terms of these
basic nutriments that include protein. While grocery expenditure is an important indicator, debt on the
expenditure is very helpful to understand the level of deprivation in this term. In other words, debt on
grocery expenditure shows the difficulty to access the basic foods. The usage of any debt on grocery
expenditures is common in high proportions, whereas 55.4 % of the families cannot afford the required
expenditures easily. This result supports the dietary deprivation findings as shown in table 14.

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