APPENDIX.
HIGH TECHNOLOGICAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Pharmacy; Office and
computing machinery; Electronic machinery; Radio, TV and communications equipment; Medical and precision
instruments, optics and clockmaking; Aeronautical and space equipment
MEDIUM-HIGH TECHNOLOGICAL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Chemical
industry exception made of Pharmacy; Machinery and mechanical equipment; Electrical machinery; Motor
vehicles; Other transport equipment.
DEFINITION OF HECKMAN’S EQUATIONS VARIABLES:
AGE.- Age of the firm, measured as the difference between its creation year and 1990. It is expressed in
logarithms.
PROPDI.- number of firm’s owners on its directive board.
EP.- Product standardisation. Dummy variable, takes 1 if the product is standardise and 0 otherwise.
KEXT.- Share of foreign capital on firm. It takes values from 0 to 100.
INNPRO.- product innovation. it takes the value 1 if it is a product innovating firm and 0 otherwise. a firm is
defined as a product innovator if “in any of the years along the period an innovation of product has been
introduced”.
INNPRC.- process innovation. it takes the value 1 if it is a process innovating firm and 0 otherwise. a firm is
defined as a process innovator if “in any of the years along the period an innovation of process has been
introduced”.
TECHIGH.- it takes the value 1 if the firm belongs to one of these industries: chemical products.; office and
computing machinery; Electrical and electronic machinery; Motor vehicles; Other transport equipment.
TECMED.- it takes the value 1 if the firm belongs to one of these industries: basic metals; non-metallic
mineral products; Metal products; Machinery and mechanical equipment; Rubber and plastics; Other
manufacturing industries.
TECLOW.- it takes the value 1 if the firm belongs to one of these industries: food, beverages and tobacco;
Textiles
Leather; Footwear, wearing apparel and other clothing; Wood and cork; Paper, graphic arts and publishing.
PIBPC.- gross domestic product per head of the spanish region the firm is located. year 2002. its expressed
in million euros.
EMPINDSH.- share of industrial employment on the spanish region the firm is located. year 2002. it takes
values from 8.1 to 31.2.
PARPYME.- share of small firms on total employment on the spanish region the firm is located. year 2002.
It takes values from 58.4 to 81.3.
IDPIB.- Share of Research and Development expenditures in Gross Domestic Product in any of the seventeen
Spanish regions the firms is located. Year 2002. It takes values from 0.26 to 1.90.
24