Outsourcing, Complementary Innovations and Growth



from alternative uses. Differently, stronger time preference (larger p) has a negative impact on
the rate of innovation but a positive one on expenditures since it biases intertemporal decisions
towards consumption and away from saving. Finally, higher costs of innovation (larger
kυ) increases
expenditures and slows innovation whereas a larger economy (larger
L) supports proportionately
larger expenditures accompanied by a faster rate of innovation.

4.2 Outsourcing

When condition (26) holds, no labor is allocated to vertical innovation (L1υ = 0), so no vertically
integrated blueprints are ever created:
v = 0 and asymptotically v = 0.9 Along a balanced growth
•                                                                                                                                  ∙

path, we have /// = g/ and E = 0. This allows us to write the long run full employment condition
(23) and the Euler condition (2) as:

ks + kmr

L = ---—7— (q/ + δ) + aωE

η (r)

and

η(r)(1 - ω) e

0 =-----k--з/ - p - δ

kS

Given the definition of r in (24), these can be solved together to yield

ks 1 — ωα                 L

e/ = l + p            ,g/ = rj(r) (1 - ω) - pωa - δ,                 (28)

j           η (r) 1 - ω j                   ks

which depend on the matching probability of assembler entrants η (r). Hence, there are two cases. If
there are fewer assemblers than intermediate entrants (
r > 1), then the former are surely matched,
so
η (r) = 1. Accordingly, (28) becomes:

e(3 = l + pks —-----, 3S = (1 - ω)  --pωa - δ                  (29)

1 - ω               ks

If there are more assembler than intermediate entrants (r < 1), then the latter are surely matched,
so
η (r) /r = 1. This allows us to write (28) as:

sC -r         1 — ωα s ∕ι ʌ L                                .on,

Em = L + pkm (1 - a) ω , Qm = (1 - a) ωJ.--pωa - δ                (30)

9The initial stock of vertically integrated blueprints depreciates through time and asymptotically disappears since
it is not refilled. See Naghavi and Ottaviano (2008a) for details.

16



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