from alternative uses. Differently, stronger time preference (larger p) has a negative impact on
the rate of innovation but a positive one on expenditures since it biases intertemporal decisions
towards consumption and away from saving. Finally, higher costs of innovation (larger kυ) increases
expenditures and slows innovation whereas a larger economy (larger L) supports proportionately
larger expenditures accompanied by a faster rate of innovation.
4.2 Outsourcing
When condition (26) holds, no labor is allocated to vertical innovation (L1υ = 0), so no vertically
integrated blueprints are ever created: v = 0 and asymptotically v = 0.9 Along a balanced growth
• ∙
path, we have /// = g/ and E = 0. This allows us to write the long run full employment condition
(23) and the Euler condition (2) as:
ks + kmr
L = ---—7— (q/ + δ) + aωE
η (r)
and
η(r)(1 - ω) e
0 =-----k--з/ - p - δ∙
kS
Given the definition of r in (24), these can be solved together to yield
ks 1 — ωα L
e/ = l + p ,g/ = rj(r) (1 - ω) - pωa - δ, (28)
j η (r) 1 - ω j ks
which depend on the matching probability of assembler entrants η (r). Hence, there are two cases. If
there are fewer assemblers than intermediate entrants (r > 1), then the former are surely matched,
so η (r) = 1. Accordingly, (28) becomes:
e(3 = l + pks —-----, 3S = (1 - ω) --pωa - δ∙ (29)
1 - ω ks
If there are more assembler than intermediate entrants (r < 1), then the latter are surely matched,
so η (r) /r = 1. This allows us to write (28) as:
sC -r 1 — ωα s ∕ι ʌ L .on,
Em = L + pkm (1 - a) ω , Qm = (1 - a) ωJ.--pωa - δ∙ (30)
9The initial stock of vertically integrated blueprints depreciates through time and asymptotically disappears since
it is not refilled. See Naghavi and Ottaviano (2008a) for details.
16
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