stated:
In India, English is the language spoken by
the ruling class. It is spoken by the higher
class of natives at the seat of Government.
It is likely to become the language of
commerce throughout the seas of the East.
(20)
In March 1835, Lord William Bentinck accepted the Minute,
and English became the official medium of instruction for
all Indians in literature and the sciences. (21)
In 1835, the "Filtration" theory, derived from Macaulay's
Minute, was introduced.
Education was to permeate the masses from
above. Drop by drop from the Himalayas of
Indian life, useful information was to trickle
downwards, forming in time a broad and stately
stream to irrigate the thirsty plains. (22)
The "Filtration" theory created a division in India,
between the educated and the uneducated. (23)
By 1870, the Anglo-Indians were not caught up in the
Filtration Theory, because they were all educated in
English. They valued their education in English because
the British offered them subordinate jobs. The Indians
were now being offered an English education. They were
being encouraged to pursue higher education.
The Anglo-Indian was being offered vocational and technical
skills, and the English educated Indian was being offered
professional skills. This had an important causal
relationship to income inequality and inter-generational
status transmission. Anglo-Indians linked their vocational
and technical skills to economic success indirectly via the
Jknglo-Indian educational system that strengthened rather
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