Educational Inequalities Among School Leavers in Ireland 1979-1994



276


THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REVIEW

appears to have a weaker effect on second-level completion for females than for
males.

Table 4: Multinomial Logit Model of Educational Level Completed
(contrasted against No Qualifications; additive estimates)

Intermediate/

Junior Certificate

Leaving
Certificate

Constant

.832***

.140*

Female

-.160**

.547***

(Reference: Male)

Social Class:

Higher Professional

1.383***

3.851***

Lower Professional

1.230***

3.320***

Other Non-Manual

.822***

2.227***

Skilled Manual

.348***

.733***

Semi-skilled Manual

.452***

1.015***

Farmer

.516***

1.381***

(Reference: Unskilled Manual)

Year

-.002

.071***

Year * Social Class:

Lower Professional

-.029

-.057**

Skilled Manual

.018

.043***

Farmer

.026

.045**

Gender * Social Class:

Other Non-Manual

-.372*

-.508**

Farmer

.238

.841***

Log Likelihood

-23061

Chi-sq. (improvement over

null model)

5536

Degrees of freedom

______________________26

Note: *** p<.001, ** p<.01, * p<.05.

All else being equal, there is a significant increase in the odds of Leaving
Certificate completion over time but this trend does not appear to result in a
clear reduction of class inequalities in educational outcomes.10 There is some
reduction in relative differences between lower professional and unskilled
workers, with an increase in the odds of Leaving Certificate completion for

10. The time variable is treated as linear in this analysis; similar results are found if years are
grouped into discrete time-periods.



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