276
THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REVIEW
appears to have a weaker effect on second-level completion for females than for
males.
Table 4: Multinomial Logit Model of Educational Level Completed
(contrasted against No Qualifications; additive estimates)
|
Intermediate/ Junior Certificate |
Leaving | |
|
Constant |
.832*** |
.140* |
|
Female |
-.160** |
.547*** |
|
(Reference: Male) | ||
|
Social Class: | ||
|
Higher Professional |
1.383*** |
3.851*** |
|
Lower Professional |
1.230*** |
3.320*** |
|
Other Non-Manual |
.822*** |
2.227*** |
|
Skilled Manual |
.348*** |
.733*** |
|
Semi-skilled Manual |
.452*** |
1.015*** |
|
Farmer |
.516*** |
1.381*** |
|
(Reference: Unskilled Manual) | ||
|
Year |
-.002 |
.071*** |
|
Year * Social Class: | ||
|
Lower Professional |
-.029 |
-.057** |
|
Skilled Manual |
.018 |
.043*** |
|
Farmer |
.026 |
.045** |
|
Gender * Social Class: | ||
|
Other Non-Manual |
-.372* |
-.508** |
|
Farmer |
.238 |
.841*** |
|
Log Likelihood |
-23061 | |
|
Chi-sq. (improvement over | ||
|
null model) |
5536 | |
|
Degrees of freedom |
______________________26 |
Note: *** p<.001, ** p<.01, * p<.05.
All else being equal, there is a significant increase in the odds of Leaving
Certificate completion over time but this trend does not appear to result in a
clear reduction of class inequalities in educational outcomes.10 There is some
reduction in relative differences between lower professional and unskilled
workers, with an increase in the odds of Leaving Certificate completion for
10. The time variable is treated as linear in this analysis; similar results are found if years are
grouped into discrete time-periods.