EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITIES AMONG SCHOOL LEAVERS
279
Within social classes, the 1979 cohort of males were more likely than females
to attend third-level education, while the position was reversed among the 1994
cohort. Gender differences in participation are less marked among the
professional, semi- and unskilled manual groups, but are particularly evident
among the farming group with females three times more likely than their male
counterparts to attend third-level institutions (Table 6).
A growth in third-level participation has taken place within each of the social
class groups, with a particularly pronounced increase among those from farming
backgrounds. However, Table 6 indicates the persistence of substantial class
differences in third-level participation; among the 1994 cohort, over two-thirds
of those from higher professional backgrounds attend third-level institutions
compared with 15 per cent of those from an unskilled manual background.
Table 7 presents a multinomial logit model which estimates the factors
associated with third-level participation; this analysis is restricted to those who
Table 7: Logit Model of Third-Level Participation Among Males and Females
Completing Leaving Certificate Level, 1979-1994
Males |
Females | |
Constant |
-1.511*** |
-2.403*** |
Social class: | ||
Higher Professional |
1.534*** |
1.475*** |
Lower Professional |
1.107*** |
1.529*** |
Other Non-Manual |
.793*** |
.848*** |
Skilled Manual |
.571* |
.488* |
Semi-skilled Manual |
.088 |
.650* |
Farmer |
.729*** |
.962*** |
(Reference: Unskilled Manual) | ||
Year |
.030 |
.076*** |
Social class * Year: | ||
Higher Professional |
.045* |
.065** |
Lower Professional |
.036 |
-.001 |
Other Non-Manual |
.013 |
.032 |
Skilled Manual |
-.010 |
.008 |
Semi-skilled Manual |
.035 |
-.015 |
Farmer |
___________.017___________ |
.030 |
Log Likelihood |
-6593.0 |
-7875.2 |
Chi-sq. (improvement over | ||
null model) |
832.9 |
1344.2 |
Degrees of freedom |
__________13____________ |
13 |
Note: *** p<.001, ** p<.01, * p<.05.
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