Females were less likely to be anti-immigration than males in Germany,
Denmark, Finland, Greece and Ireland. However, the effect of female is
not statistically significant at the Union level.
The older the respondent was, the more likely to be restrictive he or she
was in Austria, Germany, Denmark, Finland, France and Greece. This is
also the case at the Union level. This confirms the findings by other studies,
e.g., O’Rourke and Sinnott (2006).
[Table 5 about here]
Immigrant labor may be useful input for some, but not all, sectors in
a host economy. In Table 5, we interact employ with our measure of the
sectoral employability of immigrant labor. We expect the marginal effect
of this interaction term to be negative. That is, we expect employers to
be less restrictive in sectors where the employability of foreign workers is
relatively high in the country. We also interact unemploy with isb to ex-
amine whether its marginal effect is positive. That is, native workers are
more likely to compete with immigrants in sectors where the employability
of foreign workers is relatively high in the country. The addition of these
two interaction terms worsens the fitness only for Ireland. For most of the
other countries, the three goodness-of-fit measures increase. However, the
results are not necessarily consistent with our expectation.
We find the marginal effect of employ × isb significantly negative only in
Luxembourg. Its size relative to the significantly positive effect of employ
implies that, as far as the sectoral employability of immigrant labor was as
19