people involved) is a key factor in any understanding of the decision-making processes
which resulted in this important innovation in Scottish education" (Mackenzie;1978,21).

13) Pennycook refers to Lindley (1986), who states that individual autonomy is a "form of
self-mastery, both mastery over one's self (an internal, psychological mastery) and freedom
from mastery exercised over oneself by others (an external, social and political freedom.
(1997,36). In fact, Pennycook concern is that the "psychologized technologized and
universalized" versions of autonomy have forgotten or minimised (perhaps intentionally)
the political and critical force of autonomy, which he accused of "apolitical". According to
Benson (1997,31), these technical and psychological versions make the students "assimilate
themselves to established methodologies and ideologies of learning".

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