post tests
Figure 5.5 Total number of correct responses in the multiple choice task by age for both
I I Immediateposttest
Fl Delayed post test
In order to further investigate whether the differences were statistically significant, two one
Way ANOVAs were carried out, both for the immediate and the delayed post test. Age was
the independent factor and score on the multiple choice task was the dependent factor.
Significant differences were found for the immediate post test (Kruskal-Wallis, 1 Way
ANOVA: X2= 11.7, df=2, p<.005). Post hoc analysis of the immediate post test revealed that
the 6 year olds performed significantly better than the 4 year olds (Mann-Whitney: Z=2.8
p<.005). Also, the 5 year olds performed significantly better than the 4 year olds (Mann-
Whitney: Z=2.4 p<.05). Post hoc analysis of the delayed post test revealed that the 6 year olds
performed significantly better than the 5 year olds (Mann-Whitney: Z=2.03, p<.05).
Whether the same pattern was evident within each linguistic condition, for both post tests
was also investigated. No significant differences were found except for the Lexical Contrast
condition for both post tests (Immediate post test: Kruskal-Wallis, 1 Way ANOVA: X2= 8.5,
df=2, p<.05; Delayed post test: Kruskal-WalIis, 1 Way ANOVA: X2= 6.5, df=2, p<.05). Post
hoc analysis revealed that the 6 year-olds performed significantly better than the 4 year olds
(Mann-Whitney: Z=2.1, p<.05). Also, the 5 year-olds performed significantly better than the
4 year olds (Mann-Whitney: Z=2.1, p<.05) during the immediate post test. During the
Delayed post test the 6 year olds performed significantly better than the 5 year-olds (Mann-
Whitney: Z=2.5, p<.05). No significant differences were found for the other linguistic
conditions.
122
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