Figure 5.11 Total number of correct responses in the definition task by age group for
both post tests
I Delayed post test
Two one way ANOVAs with age as the independent factor and scores on the definition task
as the dependent measure for each post test were carried out. Significant differences were
found both for the immediate (KTuskal-Wallis 1 -way ANOVA: X2=47.9, df=2, p<.0000) and
the delayed post test (Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA: X2=40.3, df=2, p<.0000). Post hoc
analysis revealed that the 5 year-olds performed significantly better than the 4 year-olds in
the immediate (Mann-Whitney: Z=2.5, p<.05) and the delayed post test (Mann-Whitney:
Z=3.9, p<.0005). The 6 year-olds also performed significantly better than the 4 year-olds in
the immediate (Mann-Whitney: Z=6.8, p<.0000) and the delayed post test (Mann-Whitney:
Z=6.09, p<.0000). Furthermore, the 6 year-olds performed significantly better than the 5 year-
olds during the immediate (Mann-Whitney: Z=4.4, p<.0000) and the delayed post test
(Mann-Whitney: Z=2.9, p<.005).
Whether the same pattern was evident within each linguistic condition was also investigated.
Significant differences were found within each linguistic condition [Inference: (immediate:
Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA: X2=8.5, df=2, p<.05) and (delayed: Kjuskal-Wallis 1-way
ANOVA: X2=20.5, df=2, p<.0000); Definition (immediate: Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA:
X2=23.7, df=2, p<.0000); and (delayed: Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA: X2=12.3, df=2,
p<.005); Analogy (immediate: Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA: X2=7.9, df=2, p<.05),
(delayed: Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA: X2=9.3, df=2, p<.05);Lexical contrast: (immediate:
Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA: X2=10.9, df=2, p<.005)].
137
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