5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan



94

greater individual bias, reduce comparability across studies, and may also be less
reliable and more affected by the subjective opinions of the people studied (Coolican,
1994). However, qualitative studies offer greater ecological validity, though they may
lack validity in other respects. To reduce researcher bias, two persons (the researcher
and a Japanese researcher) coded the findings independently. Where there was initial
disagreement over coding discussion was undertaken to reach agreement.

All data obtained in the interviews were transcribed and translated from Japanese to
English. Responses were categorised. The statements supporting the categories were
extracted. Comparisons were made between 5th grade teachers and 8th grade teachers.

94



More intriguing information

1. The name is absent
2. TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION OF FAN-BEAM PROJECTIONS WITH EQUIDISTANT DETECTORS USING PARTIALLY CONNECTED NEURAL NETWORKS
3. LOCAL PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES TO HELP FARM PEOPLE ADJUST
4. The changing face of Chicago: demographic trends in the 1990s
5. Micro-strategies of Contextualization Cross-national Transfer of Socially Responsible Investment
6. Top-Down Mass Analysis of Protein Tyrosine Nitration: Comparison of Electron Capture Dissociation with “Slow-Heating” Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods
7. Gerontocracy in Motion? – European Cross-Country Evidence on the Labor Market Consequences of Population Ageing
8. Technological progress, organizational change and the size of the Human Resources Department
9. The name is absent
10. Connectionism, Analogicity and Mental Content