5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan



103

Table 4.1.8: Mean scores and Standard Deviation; motivation; perceptions of 8th grade
teachers

Practical
Work
(PW)

Using a
Computer

(UC)

Reading a
Textbook
(RT)

Teacher
Explanation
(TE)

Individual
Work
(IW)

Individual

Help

(IH)___________

Whole-class
Discussion
(WD)

Group
Discussion
(GD)

N

42

40

42

42

42

42

42

42

M

3.95

3.50

2.45

3.43

3.55

4.05

3.31

3.55

SD

.76

.78

.94

.74

.63

.73

.84

.86

The result of a repeated measure ANOVA [F (8,312)=15.75, p<. 01]

Figure 4.1.7: Pupils’ motivation promoted by different teaching methods; perceptions of
8th grade teachers

I PW I UC I RT I TE I IW I IH I WD I GD I

A sense Ofsecurity

Table 4.1.9 and Figure 4.1.8 below show that on average 8th grade teachers believed
(4≤M<5) that
Individual help promoted their pupils’ sense of security in learning
mathematics most. They expressed neither agreement nor disagreement (3<M<4) that
Practical work, Using a computer, Reading a textbook, Teacher explanation, Individual
work, Whole-class discussion
and Group discussion promoted a sense of security. Of
these the most positive responses were in relation to
Individual help, followed by
Individual work. The results of a repeated measure ANOVA showed that these findings
were statistically significant. There was greater variation in responses for
Reading a
textbook.

Table 4.1.9: Mean scores and Standard Deviation; a sense of security; perceptions of 8th
grade teachers

Practical
Work
(PW)

Using a
Computer
(UC)

Reading a
Textb∞k
(RT)

Teacher
Explanation
(TE)

Individual
Work
(W)

Individual
Help
(IH)

Whole-class
Discussion
(WD)

Group
Discussion

JGD)______

N

39

38

40

40_________

40

40

40

40

M

3.59

3.32

3.08

3.60

3.93

4.33

3.33

3.55

SD

.82

.66________

1.00

.78__________

.76_________

.73_________

.73_________

,78       ^

The result ofa repeated measure ANOVA [F (8,288)=10.97, p<. 01]

103



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