5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan

107

Table 4.1.12: Summary of the perceptions of 8^th grade teachers

	Enjoyment____________	Motivation______________	Asenseofsecurity	A sense of progress	Deployment__________
M=5
4≤M<5		Individual help	Individual help	Individual work Individual help	Teacherexplanation Individual work Individual help
3<M<4	Practical work Using a ∞mputer Teacher explanation Individual work Individual help Whole-class discussion Group discussion_______	Practical work Using a computer Teacher explanation Individual work Whole-class discussion Group discussion	Practical work Using a ∞mputer Reading a textbook Teacher explanation Individual work Whole-class discussion Group discussion_______	Practical work Using a computer Reading a textbook Teacherexplanation Whole-class discussion Group discussion	Reading a textbook
2≤M<3	Reading a textbook	Reading a textbook			Whole-class discussion Practical work__________
1<M<2					Group discussion Using a computer

4.1.3: Descriptive statistics of the responses of 5^th graders

Enjoyment

Table 4.1.13 and Figure 4.1.11 below show that 5^th graders expressed neither
agreement nor disagreement (3<M<4) that Practical work, Using a computer, Teacher
explanation, Whole-class discussion, and Group discussion promoted their enjoyment in
learning mathematics. They disagreed (2<M<3) that Reading a textbook, Individual work
and Individual help promoted enjoyment. These differences were statistically significant.
Importantly, no teaching method overall was agreed or strongly agreed to promote
enjoyment, although there was a wide distribution of responses.

Table 4.1.13: Mean scores and Standard Deviation; enjoyment; perceptions of 5^th

graders

	Practical Work (PW)	Using a Computer (UC)	Reading a Textbook (RT)	Teacher Explanation (TE)	Individual Work (∣w)	Individual Help (∣H)___________	Whole-class Discussion (WD)	Group Discussion (GD)
N__	1479	1476	1475	1478	1479	1472	1479	1479
M	3.29	3.31	2.84	3.43	2.92	2.44	3.16	3.12
SD	1.33	1.56_________	1.18	1.23	1.32	1.23	1.21	1.23________

The result of a repeated measure ANOVA [F (8,11712)=86.48, p<. 01]

107

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