5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan

Practical
Work
(PW)

Using a
Computer
(UC)

Reading a
Textb∞k
(RT)

Teacher
Explanation
(TE)

Individual
Work
(IW)

Individual
Help
(IH)

Whole-class
Discussion
(WD)

Group
Discussion
(GD)

N

1476

1473

1473

1467

1467

1472

1459

1463

M

2.41

1.53

3.41

3.61

3.48

2.84

3.26

2.41

SD

.92

.80________

.97

1.05

1.00

1.03________

1.10________

.92_________

4√

3.5-'

3-'

2.5-'

=

≡

∣<≡≡

_

!□Deployment

2-'

1.5-

I-'

0.5-'

Λ. <*

—

VT----------------∙----------------1----------------1----------------1----------------1----------------1                ɪ----------------1----------------r

I PW

UC I RT

ΓTE~

I ιw

IEZ

I WD I

GD

Enjoyment____________

Motivation______________

A sense of security

Asenseofprogress

Deployment___________

M=5

4<M<5

3≤M<4

Practical work
Using a computer
Teacher explanation
Whole-class discussion
Group discussion

Practical work
Using a computer
Teacher explanation
Individual work
Whole-class discussion
Group discussion

Practical work
Using a computer
Teacher explanation
Individual work
Whole-class discussion
Group discussion

Practical work
Using a ∞mputer
Reading a textbook
Teacher explanation
Individual work
Individual help
Whole-class discussion
Group discussion_______

Reading a textb∞k
Teacher explanation
Individual work
Whole-class discussion

2≤M<3

Reading a textbook

Individual work

Individual help___________

Reading a textbook
Individual help

Reading a textbook
Individual help

Practical work

Individual help

Group discussion_______

1≤M<2

Using a ∞mputer